unit 4: states of conscientiousness

Question 1

behavioral psychology’s view of consciousness

Answer 1

the study of consciousness in psychology was discontinued for a time because behaviorists argued that it could not be critically analyzed . in recent years, however the study if consciousness has again become a large part of psychology

Question 2

consciousness

Answer 2

defined as an awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 3

unconscious vs. conscious mind

Answer 3

your unconscious mind processes several things at one time (heart beat, breathing), while your conscious mind typically can only process things one at a time. (things you choose to do or think about)

Question 4

“biological clocks”

Answer 4

• periodic physiological fluctuations
• these clocks control your biological rhythms

Question 5

annual cycle (365 cycle)

Answer 5

energy peaks during specific times of the year

Question 6

28-day cycle

Answer 6

the female menstrual cycle

Question 7

circadian rhythm (daily cycle)

Answer 7

• 24 hour cycle, 25 in perfect conditions
• sleep/wakefulness cycle

Question 8

90 minute sleep cycle

Answer 8

cycle through various stages of sleep

Question 9

sleep stages in order

Answer 9

NREM stage 1 –> NREM stage 2 –> NREM stage 3 –> NREM stage 2 –> REM

Question 10

beta waves

Answer 10

• REM sleep
• 15-40 cps
• awake & alert

Question 11

alpha waves

Answer 11

• awake, but relaxed
• 9-14 cps

Question 12

theta waves

Answer 12

• NREM stage 1
• 5-8 cps
• NREM stage 2
• 5-8 cps
• sleep spindles

Question 13

delta waves

Answer 13

• NREM stage 3
• 1.5-4 cps

Question 14

REM sleep

Answer 14

• beta waves
• 15-40 cps

Question 15

sleep deprivation

Answer 15

fatigue & subsequent death, impaired concentration, emotional irritability, depressed immune system, greater vulnerability to illness

Question 16

4 reasons why we need sleep

Answer 16

1. sleep protected our ancestors from harm, that trait passed on to us
2. sleep is beneficial to our brains
3. sleep is good for memory
4. sleep helps with growth (the pituitary gland fires while you sleep)

Question 17

insomnia

Answer 17

persistent problems falling or staying asleep

Question 18

somnambulism (sleepwalking)

Answer 18

the scientific name for sleepwalking

Question 19

nightmares

Answer 19

frightening dreams that wake someone during REM sleep

Question 20

night terrors

Answer 20

sudden arousal from sleep with intense fear accompanied by a physiological reaction (rapid heart rate, perspiration, etc) that happen is stage 4 sleep

Question 21

narcolepsy

Answer 21

an overpowering urge to fall asleep that may occur while talking or standing up

Question 22

sleep apnea

Answer 22

failure to breathe while asleep

Question 23

5 reasons why we dream

Answer 23

1. wish fulfillment: Freud’s theory. manifest content = actual dream; latent content = what the dream means. dreams show unconscious desires

Question 24

REM rebound

Answer 24

when someone is deprived of REM sleep their future sleep will contain more REM than normal

Question 25

hypnosis

Answer 25

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Question 26

Franz Anton Mesmer

Answer 26

- the popularity of hypnosis can most likely me credited to him - believed to have found "animal magnetism" and whose patients went into a trancelike state and felt better upon waking up

Question 27

posthypnotic suggestion

Answer 27

suggestion carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized

Question 28

posthypnotic amnesia

Answer 28

a supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis

Question 29

facts & falsehoods of hypnosis

Answer 29

- to some extent everyone can be hypnotized as long as they have an open mind - hypnosis is not believed to be successful at helping retrieve repressed memories - will not cause someone to do something against their morals - can be good for mental health, but so can any type of self-suggestion - can help to eliminate pain, but so can a lot of techniques (ie. lamaze)

Question 30

social influence theory

Answer 30

hypnotic subjects may simply be imaginative actors playing a social role (role playing - start to buy in)

Question 31

divided consciousness theory

Answer 31

hypnosis is a separate state of consciousness

Question 32

psychoactive drugs

Answer 32

chemical substances that alter perceptions and mood, and thus effect consciousness

Question 33

withdrawal

Answer 33

undesirable (negative) effects after stopping a drug that one is addicted to

Question 34

addiction

Answer 34

a craving for something that you know is bad/harmful

Question 35

psychological dependence

Question 36

physical dependence

Answer 36

mind craved the drug

Question 37

tolerance

Answer 37

it takes more and more of the drug to get the same effect

Question 38

depressant drug

Answer 38

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Question 39

alcohol

Answer 39

(depressant) - affects motor skills, judgement, memory. increases aggressiveness while reducing self-awareness

Question 40

barbiturates

Answer 40

(depressant) - depress the activity of the central nervous system, reduces anxiety, impairs memory/judgement

Question 41

opiates

Answer 41

(depressant) - opium and its derivatives (morphine & heroin), depress neural activity

Question 42

stimulant drugs

Answer 42

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Question 43

caffeine

Answer 43

increase heart and breathing rates and other autonomic functions to provide energy

Question 44

nicotine

Answer 44

increase heart and breathing rates and other autonomic functions to provide energy

Question 45

ecstasy (MDMA)

Answer 45

mild hallucinogen, high risk of dehydration

Question 46

cocaine

Answer 46

altered form of cocaine offers a more immediate high, with a quicker crash

Question 47

amphetamines

Answer 47

ex. adderall

Question 48

methamphetamines

Answer 48

ex. crystal meth

Question 49

hallucinogenic drugs

Answer 49

psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Question 50

LSD

Answer 50

powerful hallucinogenic drug that is also known as acid

Question 51

THC

Answer 51

major active ingredient in marijuana, mild hallucinations

Question 52

monist

Answer 52

don't believe in near death experiences, because they believe that the mind and body are the same thing

Question 53

dualism

Answer 53

believe in near death experiences, because they believe the mind and body are separate