Diabetes

Question 1

This function of the pancreas is acinar cells produce and release pancreatic digestive enzymes

a. exocrine function
b. endocrine function

Answer 1

exocrine

Question 2

This function is interspersed within the acinar tissue are clumps of tissue called islets of Langerhans

a. exocrine function
b. endocrine function

Answer 2

endocrine

Question 3

What produces and secretes pancreatic hormones?

a. exocrine
b. endocrine

Answer 3

endocrine

Question 4

_ cells produce glucagon

Answer 4

alpha

Question 5

_ cells produce insulin

Answer 5

beta

Question 6

_ cells produce somatostatin

Answer 6

delta

Question 7

This functions to lower blood glucose by facilitating the entry of glucose into peripheral cells

Answer 7

insulin

Question 8

Insulin attaches to _ surface receptors and the subunits cause activation of _ which then promote _ of glucose carriers to the _ then it causes facilitated _ of glucose into the cell

Answer 8

target cell 
IRS (insulin receptor substrates) 
translocation 
cell membrane 
diffusion

Question 9

What must be present for portals to open?

Answer 9

insulin

Question 10

Insulin promotes storage of _ and _ in muscle and _ cells

Answer 10

proteins
lipids
adipose

Question 11

What is the hormonal antagonist of insulin?

Answer 11

glucagon

Question 12

Its primary job is to increase blood sugar levels and it occurs at the liver

a. insulin
b. glucagon
c. glucose
d. Langerhans

Answer 12

glucagon

Question 13

The breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Answer 13

glycogenolysis

Question 14

the formation of glucose from fatty acids and amino acids

Answer 14

gluconeogenesis

Question 15

Glucagon acts on the _ to change _ and _ into _

Answer 15

liver
proteins and fat
glucose

Question 16

Normal blood glucose is between

Answer 16

80 and 90 mg/100 ml of blood

Question 17

Hypoglycemia is

Answer 17

low blood glucose

Question 18

Hyperglycemia is

Answer 18

high blood glucose

Question 19

Insulin and glucagon work (agonistically/antagonistically) to maintain normal levels

Answer 19

antagonistically

Question 20

Normal homeostasis after eating

Answer 20

glucose rises > insulin released > blood glucose level blood and enter cells > lowers blood glucose level > glucagon released stimulating glucogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to raise levels

Question 21

Diabetes is caused by insufficient _ secretions or decrease in the _ effects of insulin

Answer 21

insulin

peripheral

Question 22

Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness (True/false)

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Which type of diabetes is virus-triggered autoimmune disease that results in destruction of pancreatic beta cells

Answer 23

type I diabetes

Question 24

Type I is _ diabetes

Answer 24

insulin-dependent

Question 25

Which type of diabetes is caused by a decreased sensitivity of peripheral tissues to circulating insulin?

Answer 25

type II diabetes

Question 26

Type II is _ diabetes

Answer 26

non-insulin-dependent

Question 27

Which type of diabetes is more common?

Answer 27

type II

Question 28

Which type of diabetes is more dangerous?

Answer 28

type I

Question 29

Hyperglycemia causes

Answer 29

polyuria polydipsia dehydration ketoacidosis

Question 30

What vascular problems can be complications with diabetes?

Answer 30

microangiopathy - retinopathy, nephropathy | macroangiopathy - HTN, MI, CVA, ulcers

Question 31

retinopathy leads to

Answer 31

blindness

Question 32

neuropathies caused by hyperglycemia

Answer 32

pain paresthesia decreased sensation weakness

Question 33

This drug can be administered parenterally via subcutaneous injection, pumps are popular

Answer 33

exogenous insulin

Question 34

What are the adverse effects of exogenous insulin

Answer 34

hypoglycemia

Question 35

how do you treat hypoglycemia caused by exogenous insulin

Answer 35

soft drink, fruit juice and glucose tabs

Question 36

What drug stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells?

Answer 36

sulfonylureas

Question 37

This drug is effective in early stages while beta cells are still partially working

Answer 37

sulfonylureas

Question 38

What drug is used to treat DM II by increasing the sensitivity of the peripheral tissues to insulin

Answer 38

insulin sensitizers

Question 39

What are two ways to insert insulin?

Answer 39

self admin | insulin pump

Question 40

This type of drug is used to treat DMII, it acts on the liver to reduce glucose production through inhibition of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Answer 40

Metformin (glucophage)

Question 41

_ can be used to prevent DM I

Answer 41

immunosuppressants

Question 42

what immunosuppressants can be used for DM I

Answer 42

cyclosporine glucocorticoids methotrexate

Question 43

Rehab concerns

Answer 43

peripheral neuropathies peripheral vascular diseases insulin reaction - hypoglycemia

Question 44

be aware of _ during exercise

Answer 44

hypoglycemia