Sedatives

Question 1

The time required to eliminate 50% of the drug existing in the body is described as

Answer 1

half life

Question 2

Many drugs bind to _ _ when they enter the circulatory system

Answer 2

plasma proteins

Question 3

Drugs exist in the blood plasma as either _ or _

Answer 3

bound or unbound

Question 4

What kind of drugs are free to do their thing or to be metabolized?

Answer 4

unbound

Question 5

What kind of drugs are stuck on the blood protein and are not available for either?

Answer 5

bound

Question 6

What is described as how the body rids itself of a drug

Answer 6

elimination

Question 7

Biotransformation is usually done in the

a. kidney
b. liver
c. heart
d. tissues

Answer 7

liver

Question 8

Binding effects the drugs _

Answer 8

efficacy

Question 9

This type of drug is used to relax the patient and promote sleep

a. GI
b. NSAID
c. opioid
d. sedative-hypnotics

Answer 9

sedative-hypnotics

Question 10

These drugs exert a calming effect, serve to pacify the patient

Answer 10

sedatives

Question 11

what refers to sleep-like state produced by larger doses

Answer 11

hypnotic

Question 12

Sedative-hypnotic drugs are absorbed from the _ then distributed _ and reach the _

Answer 12

GI tract
uniformly
CNS (highly lipid soluble)

Question 13

Where are they metabolized?

Answer 13

liver where it becomes a polarized molecule

Question 14

Sedative-hypnotic drugs are excreted as (polar/non-polar) metabolite through the (kidney/liver)

Answer 14

polar

kidney

Question 15

Where is the primary site of drug excretion?

a. liver
b. kidneys
c. GI tract
d. intestine

Answer 15

kidneys

Question 16

The metabolized drug reaches the _ and is filtered at the _

Answer 16

nephron

glomerulus

Question 17

The filtrate raverses the (proximal/distal) convoluted tubule, _ and (proximal/distal) convoluted tubule before reaching the _

Answer 17

proximal
loop of Henle
distal
collecting duct

Question 18

if the drug is not reabsorbed before reaching the CD it will be released as _

Answer 18

urine

Question 19

The metabolism process tends to make _ compounds

Answer 19

polarized water soluble

Question 20

_ remain trapped in the nephron so they can reach the CD and be released as _

Answer 20

polar water soluble

urine

Question 21

_ metabolites are reabsorbed by the nephron back into _ and _ reach the CD

Answer 21

nonpolar lipophilic
circulation
never

Question 22

some drug can be secreted _ into the _ at the level of the _ via _

Answer 22

directly
nephron
proximal tubule
active transport

Question 23

What drug is used to increase inhibitory effects at the CNS synpases that use GABA via hyperpolarization?

a. Barbituates
b. Benzodiazepines
c. Alcohol-anxiolytic
d. sedative

Answer 23

Benzodiazepines

Question 24

How do Benzodiazepines exert their effect?

Answer 24

excitation level in reticular activating system decreases and sleep and relaxation enhanced

Question 25

Barbituates are a schedule _ controlled substance

Answer 25

II and III

Question 26

Barbituates have a a. low therapeutic index b. high therapeutic index

Answer 26

low therapeutic index

Question 27

Barbituates have a _ for neurons in the _ formation and _ system

Answer 27

specificity reticular limbic

Question 28

reticular refers to

Answer 28

arousal

Question 29

limbic refers to

Answer 29

emotions

Question 30

What can facilitate GABA

Answer 30

alcohol

Question 31

how does GABA work in the body?

Answer 31

enhancing it creates a calming effect

Question 32

Valium attaches to what kind of receptors? a. alpha b. beta c. gamma d. kappa

Answer 32

gamma

Question 33

Valium attaches the gamma receptors on brain cells in the _

Answer 33

retinacular formation

Question 34

What happens when gamma receptors are stimulated?

Answer 34

chloride channel opens rush in and hyperpolarize the cell inhibits propagation of AP creates sedation

Question 35

What can cause tolerance

Answer 35

down regulation and enzyme induction

Question 36

This is described as fear or apprehension over a situation or event a person perceives as threatening

Answer 36

anxiety

Question 37

Anxiety disorders include

Answer 37

generalized anxiety disorder panic disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder post-traumatic stress syndrome

Question 38

What can be used as an antianxiety drug?

Answer 38

Benzodiazepines

Question 39

Benzodiazepines used to treat anxiety is at a (lower/higher) doese

Answer 39

lower

Question 40

Antianxiety agents influence the _ system

Answer 40

limbic

Question 41

What antianxiety drug increases the effects of seratonin and produces less sedation and psychomotor impairment? a. Barbituates b. Benzodiazepines c. Buspirone d. Beta-blocker

Answer 41

Buspirone

Question 42

Buspirone is a seratonin (antagonist/agonist)

Answer 42

agonist

Question 43

What antianxiety drug can be used to decrease situational anxiety without sedation and decreases SNS activity? a. Barbituates b. Benzodiazepines c. Buspirone d. Beta-blocker

Answer 43

Beta-blocker

Question 44

Adverse effects with antianxiety drugs

Answer 44

sedation addiction withdrawl rebound anxiety

Question 45

What should be considered in rehab for patients on anti anxiety meds?

Answer 45

calmer and relaxed will enhance session associated with falls and trauma CV and respiratory depression