Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUE 325: Pathopharm I > Diabetes Drugs > Flashcards

Diabetes Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

primary goal of diabetic pharmacology

A

prevent hyperglycemia and dec chance of long term complications
- maintain tight glycemic control and blood lipid levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

types of insulin

A
  • rapid acting: insulin lispro
  • short acting: human regular
  • intermediate acting insulin: NPH
  • long acting insulin: glargine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

insulin administration

A

subq injection
- sites: back of arms, stomach, thighs
- ordered in units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lispro

A

rapid acting
- starts working in 15 mins
- peaks in 1 hr
- works for 2-4 hrs
-administer w food
- must be in conjunction w either an intermediate or long acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

insulin regular

A

short acting
- onset 30-60 mins
- peak 2-6 hr
- duration 3-8 hrs
- give before meals to control hyperglycemia
- often given for tube feeding
- used in insulin infusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

NPH

A

intermediate acting insulin, neutral protamine hagedron –> protamine helps slow down absorption so that is lasts longer
- onset: 2-4 hrs
- peak: 4-10 hrs
- duration: 10-20 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

NPH info

A

cloudy insulin so agitate before using
- typically injected 2x/day
- can be administered w rapid and short acting
- clear before cloudy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

glargine

A

long acting insulin
- once a day
- onset: 70 mins
- duration: all day
- helps control blood sugar all day so do not mix w other insulins
- often given at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

blood sugar monitoring

A

need to know blood sugar before administering any type of insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

insulin pumps

A

computerized devices with basal infusion of regular insulin
- mostly used for type 1 diabetics
- bolus can be calculated when necessary
- surgically implanted
- still require a FSBG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

insulin regimens

A

most common is the sliding scale
- given based on blood glucose level
- can include basal dose of long acting
- important to educate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

insulin complications

A
  • hypoglycemia
  • allergic reactions are rare
  • lipodystrophies,lipoatrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hypoglycemia causes

A

insulin overdose, dec cal intake, V/D, excessive alc, unaccustomed exercise, childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hypoglycemia s/s

A

tachycardia, sweating, nervousness, headache, drowsy, fatigue, dec LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hypoglycemia treatment

A

oral carbs, parenteral glucagon, IV dextrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lipodystrophies, lipoatrophy

A

depressions of skin at injection sites
- feels hard and changes color
- fat cells harden and no longer absorbs insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

somogyi effect

A

overdose of insulin that causes hypoglycemia and counter regulatory mechanisms cause hyperglycemia and ketosis
- usually results from poor management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

dawn phenomenon

A

hyperglycemia in the morning due to natural hormonal release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

teaching points of glucose

A
  • monitor glucose level as directed
  • carry a good source of carbs in case hypo
  • rotate insulin sites
  • insulin vials are good for 30 days at room temp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

glipizide, glyburide class

A

sulfonylure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

glipizide, glyburide suffix

A

-ide

22
Q

glipizide, glyburide moa

A

binding and closing K-ATP channels in the pancreatic beta cells which stimulates the secretion of insulin
- inc body’s sensitivity or response
- reduces release of glucose

23
Q

glipizide, glyburide side effects

A
  • hypoglycemia
24
Q

glipizide, glyburide nursing considerations

A
  • dont take if pregnant
  • Etoh, nsaids, tagamet, sulfa based ATB potentiates side effects
25
Q

metformin class

A

biguanides

26
Q

metformin moa

A

lowers glucose by dec production of glucose in liver
- enhances glucose uptake by muscles
- does not promote insulin from pancreas
- does not cause hypoglycemia

27
Q

metformin side effect

A

abdominal bloating, N/V/D, risk for acidosis in pt w elevated creatinine

28
Q

metformin nursing implications

A
  • no if elevated ALT levels
  • monitor serum glucose levels
  • give 30 mins before meals
  • must be held for 48 hrs post iv contrast usage
  • do not use w pt for heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, excessive alc
29
Q

metformin therapeutic usage

A

glycemic control, prevent t2d, pcos

30
Q

linagliptin, sazagliptin, sitagliptin class

A

DPP4 inhibitor

31
Q

linagliptin, sazagliptin, sitagliptin moa

A

inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase 4, the enzyme that inactivates incretin hormone
- inc insulin by inc activity of incretins
- reduce glucagon release
- dec hepatic glucose production
- slow down digestion and appetite

32
Q

linagliptin, sazagliptin, sitagliptin side effects

A
  • GI problems, flu like symptoms, skin rxns, inc risk of pancreatitis
  • not a high incidence of hypoglycemia
33
Q

linagliptin, sazagliptin, sitagliptin indicated use

A

in combination w diet and lifestyle modifications
- can be mono therapy or w other medications

34
Q

dulaglutide, exenatide, semaglutide class

A

GLP-1 receptors agonists

35
Q

dulagluide, exenatide, semaglutide suffix

A
  • tide
36
Q

dulagluide, exenatide, semaglutide moa

A

enhance glucose dependent insulin secretion
- stimulates glucose dependent release of insulin
- inhibits prostaglandin release of glucagon
- suppress appetite
- slowed gastric emptying

37
Q

dulagluide, exenatide, semaglutide side effects

A

N/V/D, injection site rxn, headaches, upper respiratory infection, wt loss

38
Q

dulagluide, exenatide, semaglutide nursing indications

A
  • do not use if have pancreatitis
  • black box warning: risk of thyroid c cell tumor
  • not recommended for ppl w ESRD
  • given through SQ
  • usually given as adjunct therapy w metformin or other meds
  • plasma levels peak in 2 hrs, half life 2.5
  • gila monster saliva
39
Q

dapagliflozin class

A

sodium glucose cotransport ER 2 inhibitor
- SLG2

40
Q

dapagliflozin suffix

A

-flozin

41
Q

dapagliflozin moa

A

prevent the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose back into the blood by blocking sodium-glucose transport proteins
- allows kidneys to lower glucose levels by excreting it

42
Q

dapagliflozin side effects

A
  • inc risk of UTI
  • genital mycotic infection
  • hypotension
  • dizziness
  • fatigue
43
Q

dapagliflozin nursing considerations

A
  • PO
  • dont give to pt w ESRD or severe kidney disease
  • not FDA approved for t1d
  • can be given in conjunction w other meds
  • inc in use for other conditions like heart fail
44
Q

glucagon

A

hypoglycemia antidote

45
Q

glucagon moa

A

activates hepatic glucagon receptors, stimulates glycogenolysis and release of glucose

46
Q

glucagon nursing considerations

A
  • PO (awake pts) , SQ/IV/IM (low LOC pts)
  • short duration so may need multiple doses
  • check FSBG 15 mins after
47
Q

result of steriods

A

inc blood sugar

48
Q

being sick w diabetes

A
  • sickness inc stress, which can inc glucose, so need to check more frequently
  • pts more prone to DKA, HHNS
  • stomach virus means dec food so need to watch bs closely and continue to take oral meds
49
Q

diabetes diet

A

for both t1 and 2, need healthy variety of food
- plate method and carb counting

50
Q

exercise for diabetes pts

A

can help lower glucose levels, always be watchful tho bc can risk hypoglycemia if too hard of a change

NUE 325: Pathopharm I (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions