Diaphragm, Kidneys & Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Know where the phrenic nerves and vessels are and their pathways.

Answer 1

Deal.

Question 2

The phrenic nerve originates from which spinal segments?

Answer 2

C3-C5

Question 3

T/F the phrenic nerve has both motor and sensory components?

Answer 3

Troooth

Question 4

If you have a spinal cord injury and your diaphragm is paralyzed, where is the diaphragm found?

Answer 4

High in the thorax because it can’t contract, which makes it descend (can be unilateral hemidiaphragm paralysis)

Question 5

Where is the median arcuate ligament found?

Answer 5

It arches over the aorta

Question 6

Where are the two medial arcuate ligaments found?

Answer 6

They arch over the psoas muscles

Question 7

Where are the two lateral arcuate ligaments found?

Answer 7

They arch over the quadratus lumborum muscles

Question 8

Which vessels supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?

Answer 8

The pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic arteries (these come off the thoracic artery and thoracic aorta)

Question 9

Which artery supplies the inferior surface of the diaphragm via the abdominal aorta?

Answer 9

The inferior phrenic artery

Question 10

Which arteries supply the periphery of the diaphragm?

Answer 10

the musculophrenic artery via the internal thoracic artery

Question 11

Where are the kidneys located?

Answer 11

Lateral to the vertebral column T12-L3

Question 12

What encapsulates the kidneys?

Answer 12

perirenal fat and renal fascia

Question 13

Kidneys ascend from where during development?

Answer 13

the pelvis

Question 14

T/F the kidneys are in close proximity to the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava?

Answer 14

T

Question 15

What are the two layers of the kidney?

Answer 15

Outer 1/3- renal cortex

Inner 2/3- renal medulla

Question 16

Go draw a kidney. And the vasculature.

Answer 16

Okay

Question 17

What receives the apex of the pyramids?

Answer 17

The renal papillae

Question 18

Of the renal arteries, which side is longer?

Answer 18

The right renal artery is longer

Question 19

T/F the left renal artery passes posterior to the IVC?

Answer 19

False, the right renal artery does

Question 20

Which vessels supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?

Answer 20

The pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic arteries (these come off the thoracic artery and thoracic aorta)

Question 21

Which artery supplies the inferior surface of the diaphragm via the abdominal aorta?

Answer 21

The inferior phrenic artery

Question 22

Which arteries supply the periphery of the diaphragm?

Answer 22

the musculophrenic artery via the internal thoracic artery

Question 23

Where are the kidneys located?

Answer 23

Lateral to the vertebral column T12-L3

Question 24

What encapsulates the kidneys?

Answer 24

perirenal fat and renal fascia

Question 25

Kidneys ascend from where during development?

Answer 25

the pelvis

Question 26

T/F the kidneys are in close proximity to the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava?

Answer 26

T

Question 27

What are the two layers of the kidney?

Answer 27

Outer 1/3- renal cortex | Inner 2/3- renal medulla

Question 28

Go draw a kidney. And the vasculature.

Answer 28

Okay

Question 29

What receives the apex of the pyramids?

Answer 29

The renal papillae

Question 30

Of the renal arteries, which side is longer?

Answer 30

The right renal artery is longer

Question 31

T/F the left renal artery passes posterior to the IVC?

Answer 31

False, the right renal artery does

Question 32

Are renal veins or arteries more anterior?

Answer 32

The renal veins

Question 33

Which renal vein is longer, right or left?

Answer 33

Left and it passes anterior to the aorta

Question 34

Draw the path of the ureters

Answer 34

You got it

Question 35

Where are the 4 sources from which the ureter arteries arise?

Answer 35

1. Renal arteries 2. Testicular/ovarian arteries 3. Abdominal aorta 4. Internal iliac artery (from pelvic cavity)

Question 36

Kidney stones (calculi) form in the kidney and can pass through the ureters into where?

Answer 36

The bladder

Question 37

T/F calculi cause referred pain? | T/F the region of referred pain changes with the level of obstruction

Answer 37

True and true

Question 38

What forces calculi down the ureter?

Answer 38

Waves of contraction

Question 39

Where is the subcostal nerve found?

Answer 39

1 cm inferior to the 12th rib (T12)

Question 40

What is the difference in shape between the two sides of adrenal glands?

Answer 40

The right adrenal gland is more triangular and the left adrenal gland is more semilunar

Question 41

What surrounds the adrenal gland?

Answer 41

Fibrous capsule

Question 42

Which part of the adrenal gland produces the adrenal steroids?

Answer 42

The adrenal cortex

Question 43

What is the job of the adrenal medulla?

Answer 43

It acts as the sympathetic ganglion

Question 44

T/F the adrenal glands are richly vascularized due to endocrine function?

Answer 44

True

Question 45

What are the three sources for the suprarenal arteries?

Answer 45

1. The inferior phrenic 2. Abdominal 3. Renal

Question 46

What are the 6 posterior abdominal wall muscles?

Answer 46

1. Transversus abdominus 2. Quadratus lumborum 3. Psoas major 4. Iliacus 5. Psoas minor 6. Diaphragm I'd draw this one out if I were you

Question 47

How many pairs of lumbar arteries are there?

Answer 47

4

Question 48

The lumbar arteries are branches of what?

Answer 48

The abdominal aorta

Question 49

Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the iliac arteries?

Answer 49

L4, level of the umbilicus

Question 50

The nerves of the posterior wall come from which rami?

Answer 50

Ventral rami T12-L4

Question 51

Where is the subcostal nerve found?

Answer 51

1 cm inferior to the 12th rib

Question 52

What does the subcostal nerve supply- sensory and motor?

Answer 52

Sensory to anterior/lateral abdominal wall | Motor to EO, IO, TA, pyramidalis, RA, QL

Question 53

What does the iliohypogastric nerve supply?

Answer 53

The skin of the suprapubic region

Question 54

What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply?

Answer 54

It runs through the inguinal canal to supply it

Question 55

Both the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves supply what?

Answer 55

Abdominal muscles

Question 56

T/F the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves can arise from a common trunk?

Answer 56

True

Question 57

What does the genitofemoral nerve supply?

Answer 57

It supplies the skin inferior and medial to inguinal ligament and the cremaster muscle of the spermatic cord

Question 58

The genitofemoral nerve splits into what?

Answer 58

The femoral branch and the genital branch

Question 59

What muscle does the genitofemoral nerve pierce?

Answer 59

Psoas major

Question 60

The genitofemoral nerve is at which spinal levels?

Answer 60

L1-L2

Question 61

What is the path of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

Answer 61

It descends anterior to the iliacus muscle, passes deep to the inguinal ring

Question 62

What does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve supply?

Answer 62

Supplies the anterior/lateral skin of the thigh

Question 63

The femoral nerve comes from which spinal levels?

Answer 63

L2-L4

Question 64

What is the path of the femoral nerve?

Answer 64

It runs between the iliacus and psoas major muscles, passes deep to the inguinal ligament and inferior to ASIS

Question 65

What does the femoral nerve supply?

Answer 65

It supplies sensory and motor to the anterior thigh

Question 66

What is the path of the obturator nerve?

Answer 66

It runs medial to the psoas major muscles and passes through the obturator foramen

Question 67

What does the obturator nerve supply?

Answer 67

It supplies sensory and motor to the medial thigh

Question 68

What is the lumbosacral trunk?

Answer 68

It is a large nerve trunk that provides general contributions to the lumbar and sacral plexuses