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Z-Anatomy 3 > Digestion Part 2 > Flashcards

Digestion Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the_________ reflex regulates gastric emptying

A

enterogastric

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2
Q

Functions of liver

A
  1. Production of bile
  2. Processing blood borne nutrients
  3. Storage of fat soluble vitamins
  4. Detoxification (liver does not store toxins)
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3
Q

Small intestine structural modifications

A

1.Pilcae circulares= Deep circular fold of mucosa and sub mucosa
2. Villi- finger like extensions of mucosa
3. Microvilli- tiny projections off plasma membrane; cellular level
Get longer when food is present

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4
Q

3 parts of small intestines

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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5
Q

bile duct and pancreatic duct come in at the duodenum and are controlled by ________________

A

hepatopancreatic sphincter

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6
Q

illeum joins LI at the _________

A

ileocecal valve

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7
Q

which structural element of the small intestines has deep circular folds of mucosa and submucosa

A

plicate circulares

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8
Q

which structural element of the small intestines has finger like extensions of mucosa

A

villi

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9
Q

which structural element of the small intestines has tiny projections off the cells plasma membrane

A

microvilli

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10
Q

what is small intestine mucosa made of?

A
  1. Absorptive cells and goblet cells
  2. Enteroendocrine cells
  3. T cells called IELs
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11
Q

_________ secrete intestinal juice

A

-intestinal crypts

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12
Q

are small intestine secretions acidic or alkaline?

A

alkaline

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13
Q

intestinal juices are secreted by what glands?

A

intestinal glands

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14
Q

intestinal juices are secreted in response to what?

A
  1. distension

2. irritation of mucosa

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15
Q

intestinal juice is _________ poor and _________ rich

A

enzyme poor

mucus rish

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16
Q

what is the largest gland of the body?

A

liver

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17
Q

liver has how many lobes?

A

4

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18
Q

the ___________ ligament separate right and left lobes and suspends liver from the diaphragm

A

falciform

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19
Q

what ligament if a remnant of left fetal umbilical vein

A

ligamentum tere

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20
Q

the ligamentum teres runs along the edge of the _____________ ligament

A

falciform ligament

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21
Q

the lesser momentum anchors the liver to the____________________

A

lesser curvature of the stomach

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22
Q

where hepatic blood vessel enter liver

A

porta hepatis

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23
Q

Left and right hepatic duct —> ________—>cystic duct —> GB —>bile duct

A

common hepatic duct

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24
Q

______________ —> common hepatic duct —>cystic duct —> GB —>bile duct

A

Left and right hepatic duct

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25
Q

Left and right hepatic duct —> common hepatic duct —> _________—> GB —>bile duct

A

cystic duct

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26
Q

Left and right hepatic duct —> common hepatic duct —>cystic duct —> GB —>__________

A

bile duct

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27
Q

hexagon shaped structural units of liver

A

liver lobules

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28
Q

located at each corner of the liver lobule

A

portal triads

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29
Q

3 Parts of Portal Triads

A
  1. Bile duct
    2. Hepatic artery
    3. Hepatic portal vein
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30
Q

enlarged leaky capillaries located between hepatic plates

A

Liver sinusoids

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31
Q

fixed hepatic macrophages found in liver sinusoids

A

Kupffer cells=

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32
Q

is bile acidic or alkaline

A

alkaline

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33
Q

what do bile salts contain?

A
  1. emulsify fat
    1. Fat and cholesterol absorption
    2. Solubilize cholestero
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34
Q

chief bile pigment

A

bilirubin

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35
Q

inflammation of liver

Caused by virus, poison, autoimmune, hereditary

A

Hepatitis

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36
Q

which hepatitis are gotten through fecal matter

A

A and E

the vowels hit the bowels

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37
Q

infectious jaundice, enters through fecal matter

A

Hep A

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38
Q

blood or sexual transmission; can lead to cancer

A

Hep B

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39
Q

blood/sex, can cause cirrhosis, can be lethal

A

Hep C

40
Q

similar to Hep A

A

Hepatitis E

41
Q

Formation of fibrous tissue in liver replacing dead liver cells
Viral hepatitis, alcoholism, liver-toxic chemicals

A

Cirrhosis

42
Q
  • hereditary 
-accumulation of iron in liver

- eventually leads to liver damage

A

Hemochromatosis

43
Q
  • primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
  • metastaic cancer
  • usually comes from other parts of GI tract
A

Cancer of Liver

44
Q

where is gallbladder located?

A

-on ventral surface of liver

45
Q

what organ makes bile?>

A

liver

46
Q

what organ stores bile

A

gallbladder

47
Q

bile concentration is reduced in the GB by

A

absorbing its water and oils

48
Q

bile is released via________–

A

the cystic duct

49
Q

acid and fatty chyme cause duodenum to release _______ and ________

A

CCK and secretin

50
Q

CCK causes gallbladder to contract, _______________ to relax so bile enter duodenum

A

hepatopancreatic sphincter

51
Q

blockage of bile leading to jaundice

A

Cholestasis

52
Q
  • gallstone blocks common bile duct or cystic duct

- severe pain in right upper abdomen

A

Biliary Colic

53
Q

-gallstones

A

Cholelithiasis

54
Q

-chronic inflammation of GB, usually from gallstones

A

Cholecystitis

55
Q

Exocrine function on pancreas

A
  1. Secrete pancreatic juice to break down food

2. Acini contains zymogen granules with digestive enzymes

56
Q

pancreas endocrine function

A

release insulin and glucagon

57
Q

-pancreatice enzymes are released in (active or inactive) form

A

inactive

58
Q

where are pancreatic enzymes activated?

A

duodenum

59
Q

-Fatty chyme —> _____ —> enzyme rich pancreatic juice

A

CCK

60
Q

-Fatty chyme —> CCK —> ______________

A

enzyme rich pancreatic juice

61
Q

Acid chyme —> __________—> bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice

A

secretin

62
Q

Acid chyme —> secretin—>______________

A

bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice

63
Q

where does fat digestion start to happen

A

small intestine (duodenum)

64
Q

is chyme release quickly or slowly into duodenum

A

slow

65
Q

*all nutrient absorption takes place in _________

A

small intestine

66
Q

__________= most common motion of SI (mixing)

A

-segmentaion

67
Q

what cells initiate segmentation in the small intestine

A

intrinsic pacemaker cells (canal cells)

68
Q
  • stomach muscles activated
  • tells illeum to move chyme to large intestine
  • illeocecal sphincter relaxes
A

Gastroileal reflex

69
Q

does digestion take place in the large intestine?

A

no

70
Q

______, _______, and _______ are reclaimed in LI

A

vitamins, water and electrolytes

71
Q

food in stomach —> what reflex? —> forces contents from colon to rectum

A

gastrocolic reflex

72
Q

3 structural modifications of large intestine

A

Teniae coli= 3 bands of longtidunial smooth muscle
Haustra= packet like sacs caused by tone of tenure coli
Epiploic appendages = fat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum

73
Q

in large intestine 3 bands of longtidunial smooth muscle

A

Teniae col

74
Q

packet like sacs caused by tone of tenure coli

in large intestine

A

Haustra

75
Q

fat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum on large intestine

A

Epiploic appendages =

76
Q

flow of large intestine

A

Cecum —> ascending colon —> transverse colon —> descending colon —> sigmoid colon —> rectum —> anus

77
Q
  • below illeocecal valve

- contains appendix

A

Cecum

78
Q

-ascending colon —> ______ flexure —> transverse colon —> splenic flexure —> descending colon —> sigmoid colon

A

hepatic

79
Q

-ascending colon —> hepatic flexure —> transverse colon —>______ flexure —> descending colon —> sigmoid colon

A

splenic

80
Q

mesenteries that anchor the transverse and sigmoid colon

A

mesocolons

81
Q
  • largest peritoneal fold
  • double mesentery (4 layers)
  • descends from stomach goes to small intestine and transverse colon
A

Greater Omentum

82
Q

extend to liver from lesser curvature of stomach

A

lesser omentum

83
Q

Role of Bacteria of LI

A

Colonice zolon
Ferment indegisetible starches
Release acids and gasses
Synthesize B complex vitamins and vitamin K

84
Q

which anal sphincter is smooth muscle?

A

internal

85
Q

which anal sphincter is skeletal muscle?

A

external (under voluntary control)

86
Q

hemorrhoid= inflammation of _________________________

A

superficial venous plexuses

87
Q

digestion is the only one that starts in your mouth

A

carb

88
Q

digestion of _____ and ______ are facilitated diffusion

A

carbs and proteins

89
Q

during digestion this macro is co-transport with Na+

A

carb

90
Q

pepsin in stomach breaks down what macronutrient

A

proteins

91
Q

what enzymes breakdown protein?

A

enzymes in SI further help

-pancreatic enzymes and brush border enzymes

92
Q

-fats get into cells via _________-

A

diffusion

93
Q

what breaks down fats

A

-bile salts and pancreatic lipase break down fats

94
Q

what macro nutrient uses active transport via membrane carriers

A

Nucleic Acids

95
Q

95% of water is absorbed in the ______________ via _______________

A

small intestines via osmosis

96
Q

helps infant find the nipple

A

rooting reflex

97
Q

aids in swallowing in infants

A

-sucking reflex

Z-Anatomy 3 (10 decks)

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