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Z-Anatomy 3 > Digestion Part 2 > Flashcards

Digestion Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the_________ reflex regulates gastric emptying

A

enterogastric

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2
Q

Functions of liver

A
  1. Production of bile
  2. Processing blood borne nutrients
  3. Storage of fat soluble vitamins
  4. Detoxification (liver does not store toxins)
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3
Q

Small intestine structural modifications

A

1.Pilcae circulares= Deep circular fold of mucosa and sub mucosa
2. Villi- finger like extensions of mucosa
3. Microvilli- tiny projections off plasma membrane; cellular level
Get longer when food is present

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4
Q

3 parts of small intestines

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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5
Q

bile duct and pancreatic duct come in at the duodenum and are controlled by ________________

A

hepatopancreatic sphincter

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6
Q

illeum joins LI at the _________

A

ileocecal valve

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7
Q

which structural element of the small intestines has deep circular folds of mucosa and submucosa

A

plicate circulares

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8
Q

which structural element of the small intestines has finger like extensions of mucosa

A

villi

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9
Q

which structural element of the small intestines has tiny projections off the cells plasma membrane

A

microvilli

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10
Q

what is small intestine mucosa made of?

A
  1. Absorptive cells and goblet cells
  2. Enteroendocrine cells
  3. T cells called IELs
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11
Q

_________ secrete intestinal juice

A

-intestinal crypts

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12
Q

are small intestine secretions acidic or alkaline?

A

alkaline

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13
Q

intestinal juices are secreted by what glands?

A

intestinal glands

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14
Q

intestinal juices are secreted in response to what?

A
  1. distension

2. irritation of mucosa

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15
Q

intestinal juice is _________ poor and _________ rich

A

enzyme poor

mucus rish

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16
Q

what is the largest gland of the body?

A

liver

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17
Q

liver has how many lobes?

A

4

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18
Q

the ___________ ligament separate right and left lobes and suspends liver from the diaphragm

A

falciform

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19
Q

what ligament if a remnant of left fetal umbilical vein

A

ligamentum tere

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20
Q

the ligamentum teres runs along the edge of the _____________ ligament

A

falciform ligament

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21
Q

the lesser momentum anchors the liver to the____________________

A

lesser curvature of the stomach

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22
Q

where hepatic blood vessel enter liver

A

porta hepatis

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23
Q

Left and right hepatic duct —> ________—>cystic duct —> GB —>bile duct

A

common hepatic duct

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24
Q

______________ —> common hepatic duct —>cystic duct —> GB —>bile duct

A

Left and right hepatic duct

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25
Left and right hepatic duct —> common hepatic duct —> _________—> GB —>bile duct
cystic duct
26
Left and right hepatic duct —> common hepatic duct —>cystic duct —> GB —>__________
bile duct
27
hexagon shaped structural units of liver
liver lobules
28
located at each corner of the liver lobule
portal triads
29
3 Parts of Portal Triads
1. Bile duct 2. Hepatic artery 3. Hepatic portal vein
30
enlarged leaky capillaries located between hepatic plates
Liver sinusoids
31
fixed hepatic macrophages found in liver sinusoids
Kupffer cells=
32
is bile acidic or alkaline
alkaline
33
what do bile salts contain?
1. emulsify fat 2. Fat and cholesterol absorption 3. Solubilize cholestero
34
chief bile pigment
bilirubin
35
inflammation of liver | Caused by virus, poison, autoimmune, hereditary
Hepatitis
36
which hepatitis are gotten through fecal matter
A and E | the vowels hit the bowels
37
infectious jaundice, enters through fecal matter
Hep A
38
blood or sexual transmission; can lead to cancer
Hep B
39
blood/sex, can cause cirrhosis, can be lethal
Hep C
40
similar to Hep A
Hepatitis E
41
Formation of fibrous tissue in liver replacing dead liver cells Viral hepatitis, alcoholism, liver-toxic chemicals
Cirrhosis
42
- hereditary 
-accumulation of iron in liver | - eventually leads to liver damage
Hemochromatosis
43
- primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) - metastaic cancer - usually comes from other parts of GI tract
Cancer of Liver
44
where is gallbladder located?
-on ventral surface of liver
45
what organ makes bile?>
liver
46
what organ stores bile
gallbladder
47
bile concentration is reduced in the GB by
absorbing its water and oils
48
bile is released via________--
the cystic duct
49
acid and fatty chyme cause duodenum to release _______ and ________
CCK and secretin
50
CCK causes gallbladder to contract, _______________ to relax so bile enter duodenum
hepatopancreatic sphincter
51
blockage of bile leading to jaundice
Cholestasis
52
- gallstone blocks common bile duct or cystic duct | - severe pain in right upper abdomen
Biliary Colic
53
-gallstones
Cholelithiasis
54
-chronic inflammation of GB, usually from gallstones
Cholecystitis
55
Exocrine function on pancreas
1. Secrete pancreatic juice to break down food | 2. Acini contains zymogen granules with digestive enzymes
56
pancreas endocrine function
release insulin and glucagon
57
-pancreatice enzymes are released in (active or inactive) form
inactive
58
where are pancreatic enzymes activated?
duodenum
59
-Fatty chyme —> _____ —> enzyme rich pancreatic juice
CCK
60
-Fatty chyme —> CCK —> ______________
enzyme rich pancreatic juice
61
Acid chyme —> __________—> bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice
secretin
62
Acid chyme —> secretin—>______________
bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice
63
where does fat digestion start to happen
small intestine (duodenum)
64
is chyme release quickly or slowly into duodenum
slow
65
*all nutrient absorption takes place in _________
small intestine
66
__________= most common motion of SI (mixing)
-segmentaion
67
what cells initiate segmentation in the small intestine
intrinsic pacemaker cells (canal cells)
68
- stomach muscles activated - tells illeum to move chyme to large intestine - illeocecal sphincter relaxes
Gastroileal reflex
69
does digestion take place in the large intestine?
no
70
______, _______, and _______ are reclaimed in LI
vitamins, water and electrolytes
71
food in stomach —> what reflex? —> forces contents from colon to rectum
gastrocolic reflex
72
3 structural modifications of large intestine
Teniae coli= 3 bands of longtidunial smooth muscle Haustra= packet like sacs caused by tone of tenure coli Epiploic appendages = fat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum
73
in large intestine 3 bands of longtidunial smooth muscle
Teniae col
74
packet like sacs caused by tone of tenure coli | in large intestine
Haustra
75
fat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum on large intestine
Epiploic appendages =
76
flow of large intestine
Cecum —> ascending colon —> transverse colon —> descending colon —> sigmoid colon —> rectum —> anus
77
- below illeocecal valve | - contains appendix
Cecum
78
-ascending colon —> ______ flexure —> transverse colon —> splenic flexure —> descending colon —> sigmoid colon
hepatic
79
-ascending colon —> hepatic flexure —> transverse colon —>______ flexure —> descending colon —> sigmoid colon
splenic
80
mesenteries that anchor the transverse and sigmoid colon
mesocolons
81
- largest peritoneal fold - double mesentery (4 layers) - descends from stomach goes to small intestine and transverse colon
Greater Omentum
82
extend to liver from lesser curvature of stomach
lesser omentum
83
Role of Bacteria of LI
Colonice zolon Ferment indegisetible starches Release acids and gasses Synthesize B complex vitamins and vitamin K
84
which anal sphincter is smooth muscle?
internal
85
which anal sphincter is skeletal muscle?
external (under voluntary control)
86
hemorrhoid= inflammation of _________________________
superficial venous plexuses
87
digestion is the only one that starts in your mouth
carb
88
digestion of _____ and ______ are facilitated diffusion
carbs and proteins
89
during digestion this macro is co-transport with Na+
carb
90
pepsin in stomach breaks down what macronutrient
proteins
91
what enzymes breakdown protein?
enzymes in SI further help | -pancreatic enzymes and brush border enzymes
92
-fats get into cells via _________-
diffusion
93
what breaks down fats
-bile salts and pancreatic lipase break down fats
94
what macro nutrient uses active transport via membrane carriers
Nucleic Acids
95
95% of water is absorbed in the ______________ via _______________
small intestines via osmosis
96
helps infant find the nipple
rooting reflex
97
aids in swallowing in infants
-sucking reflex

Z-Anatomy 3 (10 decks)

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