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Z-Anatomy 3 > Week 1- Urinary System > Flashcards

Week 1- Urinary System Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What does the urinary system do?

A
  1. regulates volume of the blood
  2. regulates chemical makeup of the blood
  3. water and salt balance
  4. acids and base balance
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2
Q

the bean-shaped kidneys lie in a ___________ position

A

retroperitoneal

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3
Q

the right kidney is (higher/lower) than the left because it is crowded by the liver

A

lower

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4
Q

ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and exit at the ____

A

hilus

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5
Q

fibrous capsule that prevents kidney infection

A

renal capsule

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6
Q

fatty mass that cushions the kidney and helps

attach it to the body wall

A

adipose capsule

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7
Q

outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney

A

renal fascia

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8
Q

collect urine draining from papillae

A

minor calyx

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9
Q

nephron

A

structural and functional units

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10
Q

when blood enters the kidney what is it called?

A

filtrate

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11
Q

when filtrate leaves the kidneys what is it called

A

urine

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12
Q

where does filtration occur?

A

glomerulus

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13
Q

where does modification occur?

A

peritubular cappilaries

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14
Q

is there protein and blood in the urine?

A

no because of the fenestrated epitheloium

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15
Q

What is the major function of the proximal convoluted tubule? (PCT)

A

major function is REABSORPTION

-water and solutes from filtrate and secretes substances into it

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16
Q

descending limb has (thin/thick) ________ cells

A

thin squamous cells

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17
Q

the ascending limb has (thin/thick) ______ cells

A

thick cuboidal cells

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18
Q

where does secretion happen?

A

distal convoluted tubule [DCT]

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19
Q

several collecting tubules feed into a single ___________

A

collecting duct

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20
Q

true/false: collecting ducts are facultative meaning they have an on/off mechanism

A

true

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21
Q

85% of nephrons are ________ nephroms

A

cortical (located in the cortex)

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22
Q

________ nephrons are located at the cortex-medulla junction

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

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23
Q

what nephrons are involved in the production of dark urine

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

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24
Q

Where are cortical nephrons located

A

cortex of kidneys;

cortical neuron= 85% of nephrons

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25
is the glomerular hydrostatic pressure outward or inward?
it is an outward pressure that promotes filtrate formation
26
chief force that pushes water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane
glomerular hydrostatic pressure
27
the blood pressure in the glomerulus is extradonarily (high or low)
high
28
is capsular hydrostatic pressure an inward or outward pressure?
inward (opposes glomerular hydrostatic pressure)
29
the pressure exerted by the filtrate in the glomerular capsule is __________________
capsular hydrostatic pressure
30
plasma proteins are not filtered and are used to maintain ________ pressure of the blood
oncotic
31
Where do reabsorption and secretion happen?
tubules
32
inhibits diuresis (urine output)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
33
What hormone make the principal cells of the collecting ducts more permeable to water by causing AQUAPORINS to be infestered into their apical membrane
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
34
what hormone helps can increase the amount of sodium the body sends into the bloodstream or the amount of potassium released in the urine. aka increases sodium reabsorption and increasing blood volume and pressure
Aldosterone
35
what hormone reduces blood sodium thereby decreasing blood volume and blood pressure
Arial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)
36
what is the term for drinking too much water
hyponatremia
37
what plan creates most of the sperm?
``` seminal vesicles (60%) prostate (30%) ```
38
what is prostate specific antigen (PSA) indicated in?
prostate cancer
39
what gland makes mucus to remove urine from the urethra?
bulbourethral gland
40
is an erection sympathetic or parasympathetic?
parasympathetic
41
is urination sympathetic or parasympathetic?
sympathetic
42
what are the 3/4 steps of spermatogenisis
1. mitosis 2. meiosis 1 3. meiosis 2 4. spermiogenosis (when spermatids dissockennt and run free)
43
which cell stays near the basement membrane?
type a cell
44
What part of the Kidney has fenestration? what is it purpose?
Glomerulus -filters so that the urine remains protein and blood free. those moelecules are too big to pass by
45
what is the filtration slit?
space between 2 poacytes where filtration happens
46
where does reabsorption happen?
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT
47
what happens in the distal convoluted tubule?
secretion
48
what part of the kidneys are facultative meaning that they have an on/off switch?
collecting ducts
49
the vasa recta goes around which type of nephrons?
juxtamedullary nephrons
50
the net filtration pressure must always be (negative or positive)
positive
51
If blood pressure does up, will filtration rate go up or down?
up
52
what are teh 3 mechanisms to control glomerular filtration?
1. renal auto regulation 2. sympathetic (under stress urination shuts off so we can run from the bear) 3. hormonal mechanism
53
what hormone causes causes -mean arterial pressure to rise by systemic vasoconstriction -stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
angiotensin 2
54
Does filtrate contain protein | and blood cells
Nope
55
Does reabsorption or secretion go from filtrate to the blood?
reabsorption
56
Does reabsorption or secretion go from blood to the filtrate?
secretion
57
what happens is if the GFR is too high
needed substances cannot be reabsorbed | quickly enough and are lost in the urine
58
what happen si if the GFR is too low
everything is reabsorbed
59
sodium reabsorption is almost always by (active or passive) | transport
active
60
what does the collecting duct reabsorbs
water, urea, and sodium
61
osmotic gradient is created by the ________ in the juxtamedullary nephrons
loops of Henle
62
what structure helps maintain the osmotic gradient
vasa recta helps to maintain it
63
what hormone is the signal to produce concentrated urine
ADH
64
triangular area outlined by the openings | for the ureters and the urethra
trigone

Z-Anatomy 3 (10 decks)

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