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Z-Anatomy 3 > Week 1- Urinary System > Flashcards

Week 1- Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the urinary system do?

A
  1. regulates volume of the blood
  2. regulates chemical makeup of the blood
  3. water and salt balance
  4. acids and base balance
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2
Q

the bean-shaped kidneys lie in a ___________ position

A

retroperitoneal

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3
Q

the right kidney is (higher/lower) than the left because it is crowded by the liver

A

lower

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4
Q

ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and exit at the ____

A

hilus

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5
Q

fibrous capsule that prevents kidney infection

A

renal capsule

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6
Q

fatty mass that cushions the kidney and helps

attach it to the body wall

A

adipose capsule

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7
Q

outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney

A

renal fascia

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8
Q

collect urine draining from papillae

A

minor calyx

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9
Q

nephron

A

structural and functional units

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10
Q

when blood enters the kidney what is it called?

A

filtrate

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11
Q

when filtrate leaves the kidneys what is it called

A

urine

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12
Q

where does filtration occur?

A

glomerulus

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13
Q

where does modification occur?

A

peritubular cappilaries

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14
Q

is there protein and blood in the urine?

A

no because of the fenestrated epitheloium

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15
Q

What is the major function of the proximal convoluted tubule? (PCT)

A

major function is REABSORPTION

-water and solutes from filtrate and secretes substances into it

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16
Q

descending limb has (thin/thick) ________ cells

A

thin squamous cells

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17
Q

the ascending limb has (thin/thick) ______ cells

A

thick cuboidal cells

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18
Q

where does secretion happen?

A

distal convoluted tubule [DCT]

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19
Q

several collecting tubules feed into a single ___________

A

collecting duct

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20
Q

true/false: collecting ducts are facultative meaning they have an on/off mechanism

A

true

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21
Q

85% of nephrons are ________ nephroms

A

cortical (located in the cortex)

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22
Q

________ nephrons are located at the cortex-medulla junction

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

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23
Q

what nephrons are involved in the production of dark urine

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

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24
Q

Where are cortical nephrons located

A

cortex of kidneys;

cortical neuron= 85% of nephrons

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25
Q

is the glomerular hydrostatic pressure outward or inward?

A

it is an outward pressure that promotes filtrate formation

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26
Q

chief force that pushes water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane

A

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

27
Q

the blood pressure in the glomerulus is extradonarily (high or low)

A

high

28
Q

is capsular hydrostatic pressure an inward or outward pressure?

A

inward (opposes glomerular hydrostatic pressure)

29
Q

the pressure exerted by the filtrate in the glomerular capsule is __________________

A

capsular hydrostatic pressure

30
Q

plasma proteins are not filtered and are used to maintain ________ pressure of the blood

A

oncotic

31
Q

Where do reabsorption and secretion happen?

A

tubules

32
Q

inhibits diuresis (urine output)

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

33
Q

What hormone make the principal cells of the collecting ducts more permeable to water by causing AQUAPORINS to be infestered into their apical membrane

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

34
Q

what hormone helps can increase the amount of sodium the body sends into the bloodstream or the amount of potassium released in the urine.

aka increases sodium reabsorption and increasing blood volume and pressure

A

Aldosterone

35
Q

what hormone reduces blood sodium thereby decreasing blood volume and blood pressure

A

Arial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)

36
Q

what is the term for drinking too much water

A

hyponatremia

37
Q

what plan creates most of the sperm?

A 
seminal vesicles (60%)
prostate (30%)
38
Q

what is prostate specific antigen (PSA) indicated in?

A

prostate cancer

39
Q

what gland makes mucus to remove urine from the urethra?

A

bulbourethral gland

40
Q

is an erection sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

parasympathetic

41
Q

is urination sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic

42
Q

what are the 3/4 steps of spermatogenisis

A
  1. mitosis
  2. meiosis 1
  3. meiosis 2
  4. spermiogenosis (when spermatids dissockennt and run free)
43
Q

which cell stays near the basement membrane?

A

type a cell

44
Q

What part of the Kidney has fenestration? what is it purpose?

A

Glomerulus

-filters so that the urine remains protein and blood free. those moelecules are too big to pass by

45
Q

what is the filtration slit?

A

space between 2 poacytes where filtration happens

46
Q

where does reabsorption happen?

A

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT

47
Q

what happens in the distal convoluted tubule?

A

secretion

48
Q

what part of the kidneys are facultative meaning that they have an on/off switch?

A

collecting ducts

49
Q

the vasa recta goes around which type of nephrons?

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

50
Q

the net filtration pressure must always be (negative or positive)

A

positive

51
Q

If blood pressure does up, will filtration rate go up or down?

A

up

52
Q

what are teh 3 mechanisms to control glomerular filtration?

A
  1. renal auto regulation
  2. sympathetic (under stress urination shuts off so we can run from the bear)
  3. hormonal mechanism
53
Q

what hormone causes causes -mean arterial pressure to rise by systemic vasoconstriction
-stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

A

angiotensin 2

54
Q

Does filtrate contain protein

and blood cells

A

Nope

55
Q

Does reabsorption or secretion go from filtrate to the blood?

A

reabsorption

56
Q

Does reabsorption or secretion go from blood to the filtrate?

A

secretion

57
Q

what happens is if the GFR is too high

A

needed substances cannot be reabsorbed

quickly enough and are lost in the urine

58
Q

what happen si if the GFR is too low

A

everything is reabsorbed

59
Q

sodium reabsorption is almost always by (active or passive)

transport

A

active

60
Q

what does the collecting duct reabsorbs

A

water, urea, and sodium

61
Q

osmotic gradient is created by the ________ in the juxtamedullary nephrons

A

loops of Henle

62
Q

what structure helps maintain the osmotic gradient

A

vasa recta helps to maintain it

63
Q

what hormone is the signal to produce concentrated urine

A

ADH

64
Q

triangular area outlined by the openings

for the ureters and the urethra

A

trigone

Z-Anatomy 3 (10 decks)

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