Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
anus, ring
A
an/o
2
Q
bile, gall
A
chol/e
3
Q
gallbladder
A
cholecyst/o
4
Q
colon, large intestine
A
col/o, colon/o
5
Q
vomiting
A
-emesis
6
Q
esophagus
A
esophag/o
7
Q
breath
A
halit/o
8
Q
liver
A
hepat/o
9
Q
presence of stones
A
-lithiasis
10
Q
fungus
A
myc/o
11
Q
tooth
A
odont/o
12
Q
mouth, oral cavity
A
or/o
13
Q
pancreas
A
pancreat/o
14
Q
digest, digestion
A
-pepsia
15
Q
eating, swallowing
A
-phagia
16
Q
rectum, straight
A
rect/o
17
Q
sigmoid colon
A
sigmoid/o
18
Q
anus and rectum
A
proct/o
19
Q
mouth, oral cavity
A
stomat/o, stom/o
20
Q
IBS
A
irritable bowel syndrome
21
Q
GI tract
A
gastrointestinal tract
22
Q
PUD
A
peptic ulcer disease
23
Q
UC
A
ulcerative colitis
24
Q
COL
A
colonoscopy
25
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
26
upper GI tract
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach
27
lower GI tract
small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
28
lips
form the opening of the oral cavity
29
hard palate
bony anterior portion of the palate
30
soft palate
flexible posterior portion of the palate
31
uvula
hangs from the free edge of the soft palate
32
tongue
moves food while chewing and swallowing
33
gingiva
gums
34
maxillary arches
upper jaw
34
mandibular arches
lower jaw
35
temporomandibular joint
joint where maxillary arch and mandibular arch come together
36
periodontium
bone and soft tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth
37
crown
portion of the teeth that's visible in the mouth, covered with enamel
38
roots
hold teeth securely in place
39
cervix
neck of the tooth which connects the crown to the root
40
dentin
bulk of the tooth, protected by enamel and cementum
41
pulp
rich supply of blood vessels and nerves which provide nutrients to the tooth
42
saliva
begins the digestive process, colorless liquid which moistens the mouth
43
pharynx
transports food from the mouth to the esophagus
44
epiglottis
structure that closes off the entrance to the trachea to prevent food and liquids from moving from the pharynx while swallowing
45
esophagus
transfers food from the pharynx to the stomach
46
lower esophageal sphincter
gastroesophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter, controls the flow between the esophagus and stomach
47
mastication
chewing
48
bolus
mass of food which has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed
49
fundus
upper, round part of the stomach
50
body
main portion of the stomach
51
antrum
lower part of the stomach
52
rugae
folds in the stomach lining
53
pylorus
connects stomach and small intestine
54
stomach
begins the digestive process with gastric juices, converts food into chyme
55
chyme
semi fluid mass of partially digested food, moves from the stomach into the small intestine
56
small intestine
completes digestion and absorption of most nutrients; consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
57
duodenum
chyme mixes with pancreatic juices and bile to break down fat globules in the small intestine
58
jejunum
secretes large amounts of digestive enzymes to continue digestion in the small intestine
59
ileum
absorbs nutrients in the small intestine
60
large intestine
absorbs excess water and prepares feces for elimination; consists of cecum, colon, rectum, and anus
61
colon
longest portion of the large intestine; has four parts; ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
62
liver
removes excess glucose from the blood stream, removes toxins from the blood, secretes bile and enzymes which aid in digestion of fats
63
gallbladder
stores bile
64
pancreas
secretes digestive juices and enzymes into the small intestine as needed
65
anabolism
building up of body cells and substances from nutrients
66
catabolism
breaking down of body cells or substances, releasing energy and carbon dioxide
67
villi
covers the lining of the small intestine and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream
68
lacteals
located in the villi to absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins, transports them to the cells of the body via lymphatic vessels
69
