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Medical Terminology > Digestive System Pathology > Flashcards

Digestive System Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Bariatrics

A

branch of medicine concerned with prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

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2
Q

Dentist

A

specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders of teeth and tissue of the oral cavity

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3
Q

Gastroenterologist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the stomach and intestines

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4
Q

Internist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders of internal organs and related body systems

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5
Q

Orthodontist

A

prevents or corrects malocclusion of the teeth and related facial features

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6
Q

Periodontist

A

prevents and treats disorders of the tissue surrounding the teeth

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7
Q

Proctologist

A

specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

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8
Q

aphthous ulcers

A

mouth ulcers with unknown cause

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9
Q

herpes labialis

A

cold sores caused by oral herpes

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10
Q

oral thrush

A

creamy white lesions on the tongue and inner cheeks

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11
Q

stomatomycosis

A

any disease of the mouth due to fungus

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12
Q

stomatorrhagia

A

bleeding from any opening of the mouth

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13
Q

xerostomia

A

dry mouth, lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretion of the salivary glands

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14
Q

cleft lip

A

deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose as a result of the failure of this portion of the lip to close during prenatal development

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15
Q

cleft palate

A

failure of the palate to close during early development of the fetus; creates an opening between the nose and the mouth

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16
Q

bruxism

A

involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth associated with tension and stress

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17
Q

dental calculus

A

dental plaque that has calcified on the teeth

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18
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay or cavities; caused by bacteria that destroys the enamel and dentin of the tooth

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19
Q

dental plaque

A

major cause of dental caries and periodontal disease, consists of bacteria and bacteria bi-products

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20
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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21
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath, can be caused by dental diseases or respiratory or gastric disorders

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22
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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23
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease, upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

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24
Q

pyrosis

A

heartburn, burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach content into the esophagus

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25
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach lining often caused by bacteria
26
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines
27
gastrorrhea
excessive secretion of gastric juice or mucus in the stomach
28
peptic ulcers
sores which affect the mucous membrane of the digestive system
29
dehydration
condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake and disrupts the body's normal electrolyte balance
30
malnutrition
lack of proper food or nutrition in the body due to shortage of food, poor eating habits, or inability of the body to digest, absorb, or distribute these nutrients
31
malabsorption
condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it
32
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat in the body
33
aerophagia
excessive swallowing of air while eating
34
dyspepsia
indigestion, pain or discomfort in digestion
35
emesis
vomiting
36
eructation
the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
37
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
38
hyperemesis
extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
39
nausea
the urge to vomit
40
regurgitation
the return of swallowed food into the mouth
41
colorectal carcinoma
colon cancer, often first manifests itself in polyps in the colon
42
diverticulitis
inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon
43
dysentary
bacterial infection that occurs most often in hot countries; spread through food or water contaminated by human feces
44
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens
45
ileus
partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine
46
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome or spastic colon, common condition of unknown cause which leads to intermittent cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and/or diarrhea
47
ulcerative colitis
chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation of the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
48
intussusception
telescoping of one part of the small intestine into the opening of an immediately adjacent part
49
Crohn's Disease
chronic autoimmune disease that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; penetrates every layer of tissue of the affected area; results in the thickening and scarring of the wall of the affected area; very painful
50
Celiac Disease
inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by severe reaction to foods including gluten
51
anal fissure
small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus which can cause severe pain during bowel movement
52
bowel incontinence
inability to control the excretion of feces
53
constipation
having bowel movements fewer than 3 times a week; stools are hard, dry, small in size and difficult to eliminate
54
diarrhea
abnormal frequent flow of lose or watery stool that can lead to dehydration
55
hemorrhoids
occur when a cluster of veins, muscle and tissue slip near or through the anal opening; the veins can become inflamed, resulting in pain, fecal leakage, and bleeding
56
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver; caused by 5 viral variations
57
HAV
most prevalent type of hepatitis, highly contagious
58
HBV
hepatitis transmitted through blood and other contaminated body floods; there is a vaccine to protect against this
59
HCV
hepatitis transmitted through contact with blood and other contaminated body fluids; no vaccine available
60
hepatomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the liver
61
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membrane, and eyes; caused by greater than normal amount of bilirubin in the blood
62
cirrhosis
progressive degenerative disease of the liver caused by excessive alcohol use or by viral hepatitis B or C
63
cholecystalgia
pain in the gallbladder
64
gallstone
hard deposit formed in the gallbladder and bile ducts due to concretion of bile components
65
cholelithiasis
presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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