The Lymphatic and Immune System Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
myel/o
A
bone marrow, spinal cord
2
Q
my/o
A
muscle
3
Q
-oma
A
tumor
4
Q
oste/o
A
bone
5
Q
-plasm
A
living substance
6
Q
angi/o
A
blood vessel, lymph vessel
7
Q
aden/o
A
gland
8
Q
anti-
A
against
9
Q
carcin/o
A
cancerous
10
Q
immun/o
A
immune, protection, safe
11
Q
lymph/o
A
lymph, lymphatic tissue
12
Q
lymphaden/o
A
lymph gland, lymph node
13
Q
lymphangi/o
A
lymph vessel
14
Q
neo-, ne/o
A
new, strange
15
Q
onc/o
A
tumor
16
Q
phag/o
A
eat, swallow
17
Q
sarc/o
A
flesh, connective tissue
18
Q
splen/o
A
spleen
19
Q
thym/o
A
thymus gland, soul
20
Q
-tic
A
pertaining to
21
Q
tox/o
A
poison, poisonous
22
Q
HIV
A
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
23
Q
AIDS
A
Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome
24
Q
CA
A
Cancer
25
CIS
Carcinoma in Situ
26
DCIS
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
27
LE
Lymphedema
28
MMR
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella
29
Ag
Antigen
30
The lymphatic system absorbs ___ and ___ from the small intestine.
fats, fat-soluble vitamins
31
villi
small finger like projections which line the small intestine and contain blood vessels and lacteals
32
blood vessels
absorb most of the nutrients from digested food directly into the blood stream
33
lacteals
absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins to be transported throughout the body
34
The lymphatic system removes ___ and ___ from the tissues
waste, excess fluid
35
Lymph nodes work with the immune system to protect the body against ___ and ___
microorganism, disease
36
lymph
clear, watery fluid that transports waste products and proteins out of the spaces between the cells of the body tissues
37
lymphatic vessels and ducts
located deep within the tissues, carries the lymph fluid, have valves to prevent back flow
38
lymph nodes
small bean shaped, contain specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens
39
cervical
located along sides of the neck
40
axillary
located in the armpits
41
inguinal
located in the groin
42
tonsils
3 masses of lymphatic tissue that form a protective ring around the back of the nose and upper throat
43
adenoids
nasopharyngeal tonsils: located in the nasopharynx
44
thymus
an endocrine gland that assists the immune system
45
Peyer's Patch
located on the walls of the ileum (small intestine), helps protect against the entry of pathogens through the digestive tract
46
Vermiform Appendix
hangs from the lower portion of the cecum (1st portion of the large intestine), help protect against the entry of pathogens through the digestive track
47
location of the spleen
located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, inferior to the diaphragm
48
function of the spleen
filters microorganisms and other foreign materials from the blood, forms lymphocytes and monocytes, hemolytic function
49
hemolytic function
destroys worn-out red blood cell and releases their hemoglobin to be reused
50
compliment system cells
proteins that circulate in inactive form, when needed, they combine with antibodies to dissolve pathogens and other foreign cells
51
functions of the immune system
maintain good health, protect the body from harmful substances including pathogens, allergens, toxins, and malignant cells
52
pathogens
disease producing microorganisms
53
allergens
substances that produce allergic reactions
54
toxins
poisonous or harmful substances
55
malignant cells
potentially life-threatening cancer cells
56
first line of defense
skin, wraps the body in a physical barrier
57
respiratory system's defense
traps breathed in foreign matter with nose hairs and moist mucous membrane lining
58
digestive system's defense
uses acids and enzymes to destroy invaders
59
lymphatic system's defense
attacks and destroys pathogens that have succeeded in entering the body
60
antigen-antibody reaction
involves binding antigens to antibodies, labels potentially dangerous antigen so it can be recognized and destroyed
61
antigen
any substance that the body regards as being foreign (viruses, bacteria, toxins, transplanted tissue)
62
antibody or immunoglobulins
disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen
63
lymphocytes
white blood cells that are formed in the bone marrow as stem cells
64
B cells
specialized lymphocytes that produce and secrete antibodies
65
dendritic cells
specialized white blood cells that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infection
66
T cells
small lymphocytes that mature in the thymus, coordinating immune defenses
67
leukocytes
white blood cells that defend the body against ineffective organisms and foreign substances
68
macrophage
type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells
69
lymphadenitis
aka "swollen glands" inflammation of the lymph nodes or glands
70
lymphadenopathy
any disease process affecting the lymph node or nodes
71
lymphangioma
benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system
72
splenomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the spleen, due to bleeding caused by an injury or an infectious disease such as mononucleosis "mono"
73
splenorrhagia
bleeding from the spleen
74
lymphoscintigraphy
diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations in the lymphatic vessels
75
lymphedema
swelling due to abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues
76
lymphoma
malignant cancers of the lymphoid tissues
77
secondary lymphedema
lymphedema that is a result of damage to lymphatic vessels; can be caused by cancer treatment, burns, or trauma
78
Hodkin's Lymphoma
distinguished by large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells
79
Non-Hodkin's Lymphoma
describes all other lymphomas besides Hodkin's. can be fast or slow growing
80
allergic reactions
body's immune system reaction to a harmless allergen such as pollen, food, or animal dander as if it was dangerous
81
allergy
"hypersensitivity" overreaction by the body to a particular antigen
82
localized allergic response
"cellular response" includes redness, itching, and burning where the skin comes into contact with the allergen
83
anaphylaxis
"anaphylactic shock" severe response to an allergen, symptoms develop quickly
84
scratch test
diagnostic test to identify troublesome allergens such as pollen and ragweed. swelling and itching indicate an allergic reaction
85
antihistamines
medications administered to relieve or prevent the symptoms of hay fever, prevent the effect of histamine
86
histamine
the substance produced by the body that causes the itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes of an allergic reaction
87
autoimmune disorders
any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues
88
examples of autoimmune disorders
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Myasthenia Gravis, Crohn's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis
89
prime targets of autoimmune disorders
those with genetic predisposition, women during childbearing years
90
immunodeficiency disorder
occurs when immune system is compromised (weakened, reduced, absent or not functioning properly)
91
HIV stands for...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
92
what is HIV?
blood borne infection in which the virus damages or kills the cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk for developing many life-threatening opportunistic infections
93
AIDS stands for...
Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome
94
what is AIDS?
most advanced and fatal stages of HIV infection
95
Kaposi's Sarcoma
an opportunistic infection that is frequently associated with HIV. this cancer causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin and in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat and other organs
96
ELISA
"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay" a blood test used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies
97
Western Blot Test
blood test that produces a more accurate result than the ELISA. it's performed to confirm the diagnosis when the ELISA test is positive
98
immunotherapy
a disease treatment that involves either stimulation or repression of the immune system
99
the immune system is ___ in cancer treatment immunotherapy
stimulated
100
the immune system is ___ in immunotherapy to treat allergic reactions
repressed
101
antibody therapy
synthetic immunoglobulins and synthetic interferon
102
synthetic immunoglobulins
"immune serum" used as post-exposure preventative measure against certain viruses
103
synthetic interferon
the purpose is to introduce more interferons
104
interferon
proteins produced by the T cells whose specialty is fighting viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication
105
immunosuppression
treatment to repress or interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antigens
106
immunosuppressant
substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal response (ex: helps prevent the rejections of donor tissue or depress autoimmune disorders)
107
carticosteroid drug
hormone-like preparation administered primarily as an anti-inflammatory or as an immunosuppressant
108
cytotoxin drugs
used for both immunosuppression and chemotherapy
109
brachytherapy
use of radioactive materials implanted in the tissues being treated
110
targeted therapy
use of cancer drugs to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells
111
adjuvant therapy
used after primary cancer treatments are completed to decrease the chance that cancer will recur
112
bacteria
single celled microscopic organisms. bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics
113
septic shock
a serious condition that occurs when an overwhelming bacterial infection affects the body. toxins released can produce direct tissue damage causing vital organs to not function properly or fail completely
114
bacilli
rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria
115
spirochete
long, slender, spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement
116
staphylococci
group of bacteria that form grape-like clusters
117
streptococci
bacteria that form a chain
118
antibiotic resistant bacteria
"superbugs" occur when an antibiotic fails to kill all of the bacteria it targets. surviving bacteria become resistant to that particular drug making the treatment more difficult
119
fungus
simple parasitic organism, some are harmless and some are pathogenic
120
yeast
a type of fungus
121
parasite
a plant or animal that lives on, or within, another living organism at the expense of that organism
122
malaria
parasite transferred to humans from infected mosquitos
123
tinea pedis "athletes foot"
type of fungus
124
thrush
type of yeast
125
toxoplasmosis
parasite transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated animal feces
126
virus
very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells. once inside they reproduce, then break the cell wall to release the newly formed viruses to go invade other cells and repeat the process
127
West Nile Virus
virus spread to humans from infected mosquitos
128
Mumps
virus characterized by swelling of the parotid glands
129
Herpes
virus which causes a variety of diseases in humans
130
cytomegalovirus
herpes virus which can be transmitted from mother to unborn child and cause serious congenital abnormalities
131
varicella zoster virus
herpes virus which causes chicken pox
132
herpes zoster
herpes virus which causes shingles
133
Epstein-Barr virus
herpes virus which causes infectious mononucleosis
134
tumors
AKA neoplasms, abnormal growth of tissues
135
benign
not cancerous
136
malignant
cancerous tumors that can metastasize
137
metastasize
cancer spreading to other parts of the body
138
metastasis
the new cancer site resulting from a tumor metastasizing
139
angiogenesis
the process through which a tumor creates its own blood supply
140
carcinoma
a malignant tumor in epithelial tissue
141
adenocarcinoma
large group of carcinomas derived from glandular tissue
142
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
rare but aggressive form of breast cancer that can only be detected by an MRI
143
sarcoma
malignant tumor in connective tissue
144
hard tissue sarcomas
arise from bone or cartilage, eg: osteosarcoma
145
soft tissue sarcomas
arise from muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood, and lymphatic vessels, eg: myosarcoma
146
liquid tissue sarcomas
arise from blood and lymph, eg: leukemia
