Digestive System - E3

Question 1

another name for digestive tract

Answer 1

alimentary canal

Question 2

what is the majority of the length of the digestive tract

Answer 2

gastrointestinal tract

Question 3

Peritoneum

Answer 3

largest serous membrane

Question 4

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 4

on wall, not associated w/organs

retroperitoneal are where only one surface is covered

Question 5

Visceral peritoneum

Answer 5

serosa; surround organs

intraperitoneal if enclosed on both sides

Question 6

“enter”

Answer 6

Small intestine

Question 7

Functions of the digestive system

Answer 7

1. ingestion
2. propulsion
3. mechanical breakdown
4. chemical breakdown
5. absorption
6. defecation

Question 8

Four basic tissue layers of the digestive tract

Answer 8

1. mucosa - simple col. epi.
2. submucosa - loose c.t.
3. muscularis - arcular and longitudinal layers
4. serosa (adventitia) - epi. and c.t.

Question 9

Functions of the arcular and longitudinal layers

Answer 9

arcular - dilation

longitudinal - propulsion

Question 10

Enteric nervous system

Answer 10

myenteric nerve plexus

submucosal nerve plexus

Question 11

Another name for the oral cavity

Answer 11

buccal cavity

Question 12

What is the purpose of lips (labia)?

Answer 12

suckling

Question 13

Uvula

Answer 13

Posterior projection; closes off nasopharynx during swallowing

Question 14

Tongue muscles

Answer 14

Intrinsic - shape

Extrinsic - movement

Question 15

Dentitions

Cuspid

Answer 15

Dentitions are sets of teeth

Cuspid is the tooth itself

Question 16

deciduous vs permanent teeth

Answer 16

deciduous are the primary, baby teeth, 20

permanent are the secondary, adult teeth, 32

Question 17

Four types of teeth and their function

Answer 17

incisors - bite
canines - puncture
premolars - crush/grind
molars - crush/grind

Question 18

Anchoring of teeth

Answer 18

in bony socket of cementum and periodontal ligament which function as cellular glue and shock absorption, respectively

Question 19

Salivary glands

Answer 19

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

Question 20

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 20

also called upper esophageal sphincter

controls passage from pharynx to esophagus

Question 21

lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 21

also called cardiac sphincter

controls passage from esophagus to cardia of stomach

Question 22

muscular component of the esophagus

Answer 22

upper - skeletal - voluntary
middle - mixed - both
lower - smooth - involuntary

Question 23

4 regions and 2 curvatures of the stomach

Answer 23

Regions:
1. cardia
2. fundus
3. corpus (body)
4. pyloric part
Curvatures:
1. greater curve
2. lesser curve

Question 24

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 24

also called gastroduodenal sphincter

regulates entry from the stomach to the small intestine

Question 25

Rugae

Answer 25

temporary folds that allow expansion

Question 26

Function of the stomach

Answer 26

"holding tank" | chemical digestion continuation

Question 27

Small intestine

Answer 27

major site of chemical digestion and absorption | long and small diameter to increase SA

Question 28

Parts of the small intestine

Answer 28

duodenum jejunum ileum

Question 29

Circular folds

Answer 29

permanent spirals that slow passage and increase SA | villi and microvilli also help to increase SA

Question 30

Ileocecal valve

Answer 30

prevents backflow from large intestine

Question 31

"vermi"

Answer 31

worm

Question 32

Regions of the large intestine

Answer 32

1. cecum 2. colon 3. rectum 4. anal canal and anus

Question 33

What are the two anal sphincters?

Answer 33

internal anal sphincter - smooth muscle | external anal sphincter - skeletal muscle

Question 34

function of teniae coli

Answer 34

contract and pull colon into pouches (haustra)

Question 35

epiploic appendages

Answer 35

little fat pads of the large intestine, unknown function

Question 36

Functions of the large intestine

Answer 36

absorb water and nutrients | defecation

Question 37

Function of the liver

Answer 37

primary metabolic factory | largest gland in body

Question 38

Functional unit of the liver

Answer 38

lobule

Question 39

Major cell type of liver

Answer 39

hepatocyte | functions to produce/transport bile

Question 40

Gall bladder

Answer 40

pear-shaped sac under liver | stores and concentrates bile

Question 41

Pancreas

Answer 41

head fits into "C" of duodenum elongated retroperitoneal deep to stomach

Question 42

Histology of pancreas

Answer 42

99% Acini | 1% pancreatic islets (of Langerhans)

Question 43

Acini

Answer 43

exocrine glandular clusters that produce pancreatic juices

Question 44

Pancreatic islets of Langerhans

Answer 44

endocrine portion of pancreas that produce insulin, etc.