Digestive System Terminology

Question 1

Gastroenterology

Answer 1

is the branch of medicine focused on the structures, functions, and disorders of the digestive system

Question 2

Gastroenterologist

Answer 2

-specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) system and its accessory organs
-not considered a surgeon however performs endoscopic procedures to remove polyps in the colon and collects tissue to biopsy
-endoscopic procedures are commonly performed to inspect the esophagus, the stomach, and the small and large intestines
-diagnoses and treats GI tract diseases

Question 3

that long flexible tube is going to travel down my GI tract and end up scoping out my belly?

Answer 3

endoscopic
Pertains to the use of an endoscope (flexible fiberoptic tube with a light source and magnifying lens) to examine the interior of a hollow organ or body cavity, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; used for various medical purposes

Question 4

Role of the Digestive system

Answer 4

Food is essential for our survival and is required for the chemical reactions that occur in every cell of the body
-foods we eat must be broken down physically and chemically into nutrients so that they can be absorbed by cell membranes.
This process is known as digestion, and the organs of the digestive system collectively perform these functions.

Question 5

The digestive system consists of the digestive tract also called these two things

Answer 5

alimentary canal or GI tract

Question 6

What are the two major portions of the GI tract?

Answer 6

Upper GI tract
Lower GI tract

Question 7

Name the parts of the Upper GI tract

Answer 7

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach

Question 8

Name the part of the lower GI tract

Answer 8

large and small intestines, rectum, and anus

Question 9

the process of eliminating indigestible remains after the process of absorption

Answer 9

defecation

Question 10

accessory organs of the digestive system, although food does not directly pass through them, their secretions play a vital role in processing food and nutrients!

Answer 10

Liver, gallbladder and pancreas

Question 11

These glands produce saliva and empty it into a person’s mouth Saliva helps make food moist, making it easier for people to chew, swallow, and digest. Saliva also helps keep the mouth clean.

Answer 11

Salivary glands

Question 12

3 salivary glands

SIAL/O- you will see this when related to the salivery glands or saliva

Answer 12

Parotid gland-upper mouth
submandibular gland-beneath the floor of the mouth
sublingual gland- under the tongue

Question 13

-sucking food
-moving food between the teeth
-aiding with swallowing by pushing chewed food to the back of the throat
-encouraging the production of saliva, also known as spit
-nutrient absorption via its underside

Answer 13

Tongue

Lingu/o
Gloss/o

Question 14

the beginning of the gastroentestinal tract

Answer 14

Mouth

Or/o
stomat/0

Question 15

permits the passage of swallowed solids and liquids into the esophagus, or gullet

Answer 15

Pharynx (Pharyngo)

Question 16

passes food from the pharynx to the stomach,

Answer 16

esophagus (esopho)

Question 17

Prefix: Gastro

Answer 17

Stomach

Question 18

Prefix: Hepat/o

Answer 18

Liver

Question 19

Prefix: cholecyst

Answer 19

gallbladder

Question 20

prefix: spleno

Answer 20

spleen

Question 21

prefix: Pancreat

Answer 21

Pancreas

Question 22

Prefix: recto

Answer 22

rectum

Question 23

stomatopathy

Answer 23

disease of the mouth

Question 24

ptyalism or sialorrhea

Answer 24

condition of excessive saliva
hypersalivation

Question 25

instrument of examining the esophagus

Answer 25

esaphagoscope

Question 26

visual examination of the stomach

Answer 26

gastroscopy

Question 27

inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils

Answer 27

pharyngotonsillitis

Question 28

the first of the three parts of the small intestine that receives partially digested food from the stomach and begins with the absorption of nutrients.

Answer 28

duodenum | duoden

Question 29

sphincter in lower portion of stomach that opens into duodenum

Answer 29

pylorus | pyloro

Question 30

visual examination of the duodenum type of endoscopy

Answer 30

duodenoscopy

Question 31

the two sections of the gastrointestinal tract that absorb nutrients and water.

Answer 31

intestines (enter/o)

Question 32

disease of the intestines

Answer 32

enteropathy

Question 33

second part of small intestine

Answer 33

jejunum jejun/o

Question 34

jejunorrhaphy

Answer 34

suture of the jejune

Question 35

third part of the intestines

Answer 35

ileum ile/o

Question 36

excision of all or part of the jejunum

Answer 36

jejunectomy

Question 37

the last part of the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed and immunological functions occur.

Answer 37

ileum

Question 38

making an opening in the ileum to drain urine and feces into an external pouch

Answer 38

ileostomy

Question 39

pertaining to around the anus

Answer 39

Perianal

Question 40

removal of the appendix

Answer 40

appendectomy

Question 41

inflammation of the appendix

Answer 41

appendicitis

Question 42

tubular organ that is part of the digestive system. It works alongside organs such as the stomach and small intestine to remove stool and maintain your fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer 42

colon

Question 43

creating an opening from the colon to the abdominal wall

Answer 43

colostomy

Question 44

visual examination of the colon using a flexible endoscope

Answer 44

colonoscopy

Question 45

a doctor that studies the anus/rectum

Answer 45

proctologist

Question 46

Hernia or protrusion of the rectum

Answer 46

rectocele

Question 47

inflammation of the liver

Answer 47

hepatitis

Question 48

vomiting blood

Answer 48

hematomesis

Question 49

after a meal

Answer 49

postprandial

Question 50

painful swallowing

Answer 50

dysphagia

Question 51

painful digestion

Answer 51

dyspepsia

Question 52

condition of yellowing

Answer 52

cirrhosis

Question 53

enlarged liver

Answer 53

hepatomegaly

Question 54

excessive vomiting

Answer 54

hyperemesis

Question 55

inflammation of the stomach

Answer 55

gastritis

Question 56

stomach pain

Answer 56

gastralgia or gastrodynia

Question 57

spasms of the esophagus

Answer 57

esophagospasms

Question 58

narrowing or stricture of the esophagus

Answer 58

esophagostenosis

Question 59

Inflammation of the pancreas

Answer 59

pancreatitis

Question 60

disease of the small intestines

Answer 60

enteropathy

Question 61

cholocyst

Answer 61

gallbladder

Question 62

cholocystitis

Answer 62

inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 63

Chololithiasis

Answer 63

abnormal condition of a gallstone

Question 64

tumor of the liver

Answer 64

hepatoma

Question 65

pertaining to the colon and rectum

Answer 65

colorectal