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Medical Terminology > Digestive System Terminology > Flashcards

Digestive System Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Gastroenterology

A

is the branch of medicine focused on the structures, functions, and disorders of the digestive system

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2
Q

Gastroenterologist

A

-specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) system and its accessory organs
-not considered a surgeon however performs endoscopic procedures to remove polyps in the colon and collects tissue to biopsy
-endoscopic procedures are commonly performed to inspect the esophagus, the stomach, and the small and large intestines
-diagnoses and treats GI tract diseases

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3
Q

that long flexible tube is going to travel down my GI tract and end up scoping out my belly?

A

endoscopic
Pertains to the use of an endoscope (flexible fiberoptic tube with a light source and magnifying lens) to examine the interior of a hollow organ or body cavity, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; used for various medical purposes

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4
Q

Role of the Digestive system

A

Food is essential for our survival and is required for the chemical reactions that occur in every cell of the body
-foods we eat must be broken down physically and chemically into nutrients so that they can be absorbed by cell membranes.
This process is known as digestion, and the organs of the digestive system collectively perform these functions.

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5
Q

The digestive system consists of the digestive tract also called these two things

A

alimentary canal or GI tract

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6
Q

What are the two major portions of the GI tract?

A

Upper GI tract
Lower GI tract

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7
Q

Name the parts of the Upper GI tract

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach

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8
Q

Name the part of the lower GI tract

A

large and small intestines, rectum, and anus

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9
Q

the process of eliminating indigestible remains after the process of absorption

A

defecation

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10
Q

accessory organs of the digestive system, although food does not directly pass through them, their secretions play a vital role in processing food and nutrients!

A

Liver, gallbladder and pancreas

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11
Q

These glands produce saliva and empty it into a person’s mouth Saliva helps make food moist, making it easier for people to chew, swallow, and digest. Saliva also helps keep the mouth clean.

A

Salivary glands

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12
Q

3 salivary glands

SIAL/O- you will see this when related to the salivery glands or saliva

A

Parotid gland-upper mouth
submandibular gland-beneath the floor of the mouth
sublingual gland- under the tongue

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13
Q

-sucking food
-moving food between the teeth
-aiding with swallowing by pushing chewed food to the back of the throat
-encouraging the production of saliva, also known as spit
-nutrient absorption via its underside

A

Tongue

Lingu/o
Gloss/o

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14
Q

the beginning of the gastroentestinal tract

A

Mouth

Or/o
stomat/0

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15
Q

permits the passage of swallowed solids and liquids into the esophagus, or gullet

A

Pharynx (Pharyngo)

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16
Q

passes food from the pharynx to the stomach,

A

esophagus (esopho)

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17
Q

Prefix: Gastro

A

Stomach

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18
Q

Prefix: Hepat/o

A

Liver

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19
Q

Prefix: cholecyst

A

gallbladder

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20
Q

prefix: spleno

A

spleen

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21
Q

prefix: Pancreat

A

Pancreas

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22
Q

Prefix: recto

A

rectum

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23
Q

stomatopathy

A

disease of the mouth

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24
Q

ptyalism or sialorrhea

A

condition of excessive saliva
hypersalivation

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25
Q

instrument of examining the esophagus

A

esaphagoscope

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26
Q

visual examination of the stomach

A

gastroscopy

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27
Q

inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils

A

pharyngotonsillitis

28
Q

the first of the three parts of the small intestine that receives partially digested food from the stomach and begins with the absorption of nutrients.

A

duodenum

duoden

29
Q

sphincter in lower portion of stomach that opens into duodenum

A

pylorus

pyloro

30
Q

visual examination of the duodenum
type of endoscopy

A

duodenoscopy

31
Q

the two sections of the gastrointestinal tract that absorb nutrients and water.

A

intestines (enter/o)

32
Q

disease of the intestines

A

enteropathy

33
Q

second part of small intestine

A

jejunum
jejun/o

34
Q

jejunorrhaphy

A

suture of the jejune

35
Q

third part of the intestines

A

ileum
ile/o

36
Q

excision of all or part of the jejunum

A

jejunectomy

37
Q

the last part of the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed and immunological functions occur.

A

ileum

38
Q

making an opening in the ileum to drain urine and feces into an external pouch

A

ileostomy

39
Q

pertaining to around the anus

A

Perianal

40
Q

removal of the appendix

A

appendectomy

41
Q

inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

42
Q

tubular organ that is part of the digestive system. It works alongside organs such as the stomach and small intestine to remove stool and maintain your fluid and electrolyte balance

A

colon

43
Q

creating an opening from the colon to the abdominal wall

A

colostomy

44
Q

visual examination of the colon using a flexible endoscope

A

colonoscopy

45
Q

a doctor that studies the anus/rectum

A

proctologist

46
Q

Hernia or protrusion of the rectum

A

rectocele

47
Q

inflammation of the liver

A

hepatitis

48
Q

vomiting blood

A

hematomesis

49
Q

after a meal

A

postprandial

50
Q

painful swallowing

A

dysphagia

51
Q

painful digestion

A

dyspepsia

52
Q

condition of yellowing

A

cirrhosis

53
Q

enlarged liver

A

hepatomegaly

54
Q

excessive vomiting

A

hyperemesis

55
Q

inflammation of the stomach

A

gastritis

56
Q

stomach pain

A

gastralgia or gastrodynia

57
Q

spasms of the esophagus

A

esophagospasms

58
Q

narrowing or stricture of the esophagus

A

esophagostenosis

59
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

60
Q

disease of the small intestines

A

enteropathy

61
Q

cholocyst

A

gallbladder

62
Q

cholocystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

63
Q

Chololithiasis

A

abnormal condition of a gallstone

64
Q

tumor of the liver

A

hepatoma

65
Q

pertaining to the colon and rectum

A

colorectal

Medical Terminology (55 decks)

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