Nervous system

Question 1

Process of thought—including reasoning, judgment, and perception

Answer 1

Cognition

Question 2

Electrical signal transmitted along the nerve fiber in response to a stimulus

Answer 2

nerve impulse

Question 3

Chemicals in the brain that transmit messages between nerve cells (neurons)

Answer 3

neurotransmitters

Question 4

Pertaining to the outside, surface, or surrounding area of an organ or structure or occurring away from its center

Answer 4

peripheral

Question 5

Caused by or pertaining to an injury

Answer 5

traumatic

Question 6

Pertaining to or composed of blood vessels

Answer 6

vascular
vascul: vessel (usually blood or lymph)
-ar: pertaining to

Question 7

is the branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

Answer 7

neurology

Question 8

This system controls voluntary and involuntary movements as well as some organ and gland functioning. It also controls all processes of cognition, such as thinking, feeling, and remembering

Answer 8

Nervous system

Question 9

This type of doctor detects, diagnoses, and treats symptoms and disorders that indicate impairment of any of these functions

Answer 9

neurologist

Question 10

Name conditions a neurologist tends to

Answer 10

• vascular problems that affect the brain
• infections or inflammations of the brain or the spinal cord tissue,
• nervous tissue tumors,
• degenerative neuromuscular disorders
• traumatic brain injury
• spinal cord injury

Question 11

branch of surgery involving the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

Answer 11

neurosurgery

Question 12

controls all critical body activities and reactions and is one of the most complex systems of the body

Answer 12

The nervous system

Question 13

How do the nervous system and the endocrine system differ?

Answer 13

The endocrine system slowly releases hormones into the bloodstream, he nervous system is designed to act instantaneously by transmitting electrical impulses to specific body locations

Question 14

Name functions of the nervous system

Answer 14

The nervous system:
* coordinates** voluntary **(conscious) activities, such as walking, talking, and eating
* controls involuntary (unconscious) functions, such as reflexes to pain, body changes related to stress, and processes related to thoughts and emotions.

Question 15

The nervous system consists of two main divisions, what are they?

Answer 15

the central nervous system (CNS)
and
the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Question 16

What are the two main parts of the Central nervous system(CNS)?

Answer 16

the brain and spinal cord and is the control center of the body

Question 17

Name the peripheral nerves of the PNS

Answer 17

• cranial nerves (emerging from the base of the skull)
• spinal nerves (emerging from the spinal cord)

Question 18

What is the main function of the PNS
peripheral nervous system?

Answer 18

The PNS connects the CNS to remote body parts to relay and receive messages, and its autonomic nerves regulate involuntary functions of the internal organs

Question 19

nervous system consists of only two principal types of cells they are

Answer 19

neurons and neuroglia

Question 20

These are the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system that are grouped into bundles of nerves or nerve tracts that carry electrical messages throughout the body

Answer 20

neurons

Question 21

assist in transmitting messages between neurons

Answer 21

neurotransmitters

Question 22

perform such functions as perception of sensory stimuli, learning, memory, and control of muscles and glands.

Answer 22

Neurons

Question 23

do not carry messages; they perform the functions of support and protection.

Answer 23

Neuroglia or Glial cells

Question 24

• form a supporting network by twining around nerve cells or lining certain structures in the brain and the spinal cord
• Others bind nervous tissues to supporting structures and attach the neurons to their blood vessels.
• Certain small glial cells are phagocytic that protect the CNS from disease by engulfing the invading microbes, destroying them, and clearing away debris
• Neuroglia are of clinical interest because they are a common source of tumors (gliomas) of the nervous system.

Answer 24

neuroglial, or glial cells

Question 25

cerebrum cerebr/o

Answer 25

largest part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex, as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In the human brain, the cerebrum is the uppermost region of the central nervous system. The cerebrum develops prenatally from the forebrain.

Question 26

encephal/o

Answer 26

brain

Question 27

Diencephalon

Answer 27

interbrain consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus and pituatary gland

Question 28

myel/o

Answer 28

spinal cord

Question 29

medulla medull/o

Answer 29

he part of your brainstem that connects your brain and spinal cord.

Question 30

cerebellum cerebell/o

Answer 30

lower-back part of the brain that controls most physical movements, balance, and coordination

Question 31

pertaining to the brain and spine or spinal cord

Answer 31

cerebrospinal cerebr/o cerebrum spin: spine -al: pertaining to

Question 32

encephalitis

Answer 32

inflammation of the brain

Question 33

tumor composed of neuroglial tissue which is the supportive tissue of the nervous system

Answer 33

gli/oma gli/o glue; neuroglial tissue -oma: tumo

Question 34

meningocele

Answer 34

herniation or saclike protrusion of the meninges through the skull or the vertibrea column mening/o meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord) -cele: hernia, swelling

Question 35

meningioma -oma: tumor

Answer 35

tumor composed of meninges

Question 36

myel/o bone marrow; spinal cord myel/algia -algia: pain

Answer 36

pain of the spinal cord or its membranes

Question 37

neurolysis

Answer 37

destruction of a nerve neur/o: nerve -lysis: separation; destruction; loosening

Question 38

epi/lepsy -lepsy: seizure epi-: above, upon

Answer 38

seizure disorder

Question 39

-phasia speech a/phasia a-: without, not

Answer 39

without speech

Question 40

dys-: bad, painful, difficult dys/phasia -phasia: speech

Answer 40

difficulty speaking or the impairment in the production of speech

Question 41

paralysis of one **half **of the body, right or left

Answer 41

hemi/paresis hemi- one half -paresis: partial paralysis

Question 42

paralysis of lower both legs or lower part of the body

Answer 42

paraplegia para- near; beside; beyond -plegia: paralysis

Question 43

paralysis of all four extremities

Answer 43

quadri/plegia quadri-four -plegia: paralysis

Question 44

Degenerative disorder that manifests in adulthood with symptoms of difficulty swallowing and talking, dyspnea, muscle weakness, and paralysis; also called Lou Gehrig disease

Answer 44

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Question 45

Progressive, irreversible deterioration of mental function marked by memory impairment and, commonly, deficits in reasoning, judgment, abstract thought, comprehension, learning, task execution, and use of language

Answer 45

dementia

Question 46

Chronic, organic brain syndrome characterized by death of neurons in the cerebral cortex and their replacement by microscopic “plaques,” resulting in dementia that progresses to complete loss of mental, emotional, and physical functioning and personality changes; also called cerebral degeneration

Answer 46

Alzheimer disease

Question 47

Inherited, degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with symptoms developing in middle age as nerve cells in the brain waste away, resulting in uncontrolled bizarre movements, emotional disturbances, and mental deterioration; also called neurodegenerative genetic disorder

Answer 47

Huntington chorea

Question 48

Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain that is most common in neonates, but can also occur in adults as a result of injury or disease; if left untreated, causes an enlarged head and cognitive decline

Answer 48

hydrocephalus hydro: water cephal: head -us: condition, structure

Question 49

Progressive degenerative disease of the CNS, which is characterized by inflammation, hardening, and loss of myelin throughout the spinal cord and brain and produces weakness and other muscular symptoms

Answer 49

multiple sclerosis (MS) scler: hardening; sclera (white of eye) -osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

Question 50

Malignant tumor composed mainly of cells resembling neuroblasts that occurs most commonly in infants and children

Answer 50

neuroblastoma neur/o: nerve blast: embryonic cell -oma: tumor

Question 51

Nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behavior

Answer 51

neurosis neur/o: nerve -osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

Question 52

Partial or complete loss of motor function; also called paralysis

Answer 52

palsy

Question 53

Facial paralysis on one side of the face as a result of inflammation of a facial nerve; also called facial nerve palsy

Answer 53

Bells Palsy

Question 54

Bilateral, symmetrical, nonprogressive motor dysfunction and partial paralysis, which is usually caused by damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth trauma but can also be hereditary

Answer 54

cerebral palsy cerebr: cerebrum    -al: pertaining to

Question 55

Loss of muscle function, loss of sensation, or both as a result of spinal cord injury

Answer 55

paralysis para-: near, beside; beyond -lysis: separation; destruction; loosening

Question 56

Progressive neurological disorder caused by neurotransmitter deficiency of dopamine that results in motor disturbances and other characteristics

Answer 56

Parkinson disease

Question 57

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

Answer 57

poliomyelitis poli/o: gray; gray matter (of brain or spinal cord) myel: bone marrow; spinal cord -itis: inflammation

Question 58

Mental disorder marked by loss of contact with reality; often with delusions and hallucinations

Answer 58

psychosis psych/o: mind -osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

Question 59

Severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve, which travels from the hip to the foot

Answer 59

sciatica

Question 60

Chronic viral disease in which painful blisters appear on the skin along the course of a peripheral nerve and is caused by inflammation secondary to herpes zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox; also called herpes zoster

Answer 60

shingles

Question 61

Congenital neural tube defect characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal canal through which the spinal cord and meninges may or may not protrude

Answer 61

spina bifida

Question 62

Most common and least severe form of spina bifida without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges

Answer 62

spina bifida occulta

Question 63

More severe type of spina bifida that involves protrusion of the meninges (meningocele), spinal cord (myelocele), or both (meningomyelocele)

Answer 63

spina bifida cystica

Question 64

Inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to the brain caused by a clot or ruptured blood vessel (hemorrhage), allowing the brain tissue to die; it is a medical emergency; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Answer 64

stroke

Question 65

Interruption in blood supply to the brain that does not cause permanent brain damage but may be an indication of a higher risk for a more serious and debilitating condition (stroke); also called ministroke

Answer 65

transient ischemic attack (TIA) ischem: to hold back, block -ic: pertaining to