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From Flashcardlet > Discourse Analysis Mid-Term > Flashcards

Discourse Analysis Mid-Term Flashcards

(51 cards)

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0
Q

Analysis

A

Allows you to consider the meaning of the source text before beginning the transfer process.

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1
Q

Back Translation

A

Used to check to accuracy of the translation.

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2
Q

Borrowing

A

Method of choosing lexical equivelents. Borrowing a source text word and using it in the target.
Ex: French “computer””
English “computer”

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3
Q

Consecutive Interpreting

A

The interpreter waits until the speaker has finished the source language message before giving the message into the target language.

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4
Q

Equivalence

A

Equivalence between the source and target message

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5
Q

Form

A

Observable structure of communication such as the words in a language. The form conveys the message and is the observable part of the message.

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6
Q

Meaning

A

The concept the message expresses.

*non observable part of language

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7
Q

Reformulation

A

The visible result of the analysis and transfer stages of translation. This stage is your final product after all previous steps have been taken to produce your final target language translation.

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8
Q

Risk of Error

A

The likelihood of the translator making the wrong choice in creating the translation that will skew the meaning.

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9
Q

Unit of Meaning

A

The smallest bit of information that cannot be further broken down.
Ex: idioms must be broken down by the meaning not the words. “Wet blanket” means a Debby Downer and the words on their own mean completely different things.

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10
Q

What is CONTENT

A
  • the meat of the message

- what people are talking about

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11
Q

What is CONTEXT

A
  • the information surrounding what is said

- setting, participants, purpose= CONTEXT

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12
Q

What is Discourse Analysis

A

-act of understanding parts of a message in order to understand the whole message

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13
Q

What is SLF

A
  • Salient Linguistic Features ( 7 point)

- In ASL conveyed through facial grammar, pacing, pausing,

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14
Q

What is the relation between PREDICTION and PREPERATION ?

A
  • they both happen before the translation
  • prediction will lead to what you have to prepare, they both provide you info of content, context and linguistic prepared
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15
Q

What are the translation units? or

How is analysis done?

A

(1) lexical level
(2) sentential/phrasal
(3) textual

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16
Q

What are the 8 behaviours of SLF

A 
ALL. PAROTS. REPEATEDLY.SPIT. EGGPLANT.INTO.INVISIBLE. MONSTERS
1- affect
2-pacing
*- Repettiong
3- stress
4-emphasis
5-inflection
6-intonation (tone)
7-message coherence
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17
Q

What are the 3 categories of DA?

A

1- Context ( themese, topics, events)
2- Content (setting, purpose, participants)
3- linguistic form (vocab, structure, understanding, coherence)

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18
Q

What is CONTENT MAPPING?

A
  • recalling information that we just read and then being able to paraphrase
  • how the information is organized * putting down on the info that we know about what we just read* ex: man- tv- show- watching enjoying-tv guide
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19
Q

What is the relationship between SLF and prosody?

A

-SLF features falls under Prosody, prosody is the bigger umbrella and SLF is under that

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20
Q

What is MEANING HYPOTHESIS

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A
  • assigning temporary meaning to a text

* *Meaning Hypothesis happens in the COMPREHENSION stage**

21
Q

what is Gile’s 2 Stage Model?

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A

1-Comprehension

2- Reformulation

22
Q

What is Prosody?

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A

The patterns of stress(importance) and tone in a language

23
Q

Why do we prepare?

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A

1- helps to see how much time you will need to complete the trans.
2- helps to see if it is in your skill level
3- consider the audience, and competence in their subject area

24
What are the translation factors?
1- purpose (how will the trans be used) 2- Speakers intent (how is it being said) 3- Audience (who will be using it)
25
Risk of Loss
- the potential consequences of an error that skews the message
26
What is Top-Down Processing?
- start with understanding the overall concept then look at the details * * This is the preferred method for translators**
27
What is Bottom-Up Processing?
-Start with understanding the details and work your way up to the big picture
28
Why is paraphrasing important?
-Reduces ambiguity and distortion of the message
29
What are the competencies required for a translation?
1- Source Language 2- Target Language 3- Subject area
30
What is message equivalence?
(1) preparation (2) analysis (3) transfer (4) reformulation
31
What is equivalence?
- similarity of meaning | - similarity of impact
32
What are the 3 priorities in achieving equivalence?
(1) Contextual Consistency (2) Dynamic Equivalence/ Formal Correspondence (3) Audience Needs
33
What is contextual consistency?
- choices in the Tl reflect the context of the source text ex: park, print - linguistic form must be appropriate in the TL ex: sit down, wash up
34
What is Dynamic Equivalence and Formal Correspondence
- FC: literal trasnslation - DE: includes making cultural adaptations * DE= IMPACT pf the message is the same on hearing and D audience ex: if you are translation a joke from a spoken language it must have the same impact on the D consumer (aka they should laugh)
35
What is audience needs?
- what do you about the audience (age, gender, education, background knowledge about the subject) - form of the message meet the linguistic needs of the audience
36
What is illocutionary force? How many forms are there
- Intent and mood of the message (1) statements: I am going (2) commands: go! (3) questions: go? (4) rhetorical question: am I going?
37
How many biases are in translation?
(1) Target language (2) Source Language (3) Subject Matter
38
What is subject matter bias?
- sometimes the translator can know too much or too little about the subject - you must not assume that the audience has the same amount of knowledge as you in the subject matter - the way you think or feel about the SM can influence your translation
39
What is bias in the source language?
- feeling obligated to incorporate sign choices, form, words etc into the translation - own insecurity about your first language that it may express itself as an over confidence when in fact competence is lacking
40
What is target language bias?
- not reading the full text before translating it - identify your skills honestly - under knowledgeable in the TL
41
What is message transfer?
- the process in which the SL is mentally rendered inot the TL - it is not visible - does not include writing * can be measured by its effectiveness only by studying the end product
42
What are the idea unit relationships?
(1) temporal: sequential order of events (2) spatial: allows for Visualzation (3) logical: cause and effect statements (if i get a loan then I will buy the car)
43
What is the difference between retelling and paraphrasing?
- retelling is the umbrella and paraphrasing falls under it - retelling uses SLF and paraphrasing does not - paraphrasing talks about what is said - retelling talks about was said, how it was said and the overall picture of the text
44
What is the goal of retelling?
- to tell it in your own words without skewing the meaning | - to understand the meaning of the whole text
45
Why do we retell and paraphrase?
- takes you away from the form - forced to say something in your own words - opens up sign options in the TL
46
What is reformulation of the message?
- visible result of the analysis and transfer - this is the first time the message takes the form of the TL - glossed or videotaped portion
47
What MUST reformulation do?
(1) conform to the syntax of the TL (2) preserve the meaning (3) incorporate words or signed choices in the TL
48
What are the methods for reformulating at the lexical (word) level? Describe them
(1) borrowing: taking a word from SL to TL (fireman, fireman) (2) modulation: changing your point of view (there is no more space left on the book shelf.... the bookshelf is full) (3) cultural adaptation: culturally equivalent response in the TL (french you say bon appetite, eng you say, go wash up)
49
What is an abstraction?
- underlying moral, point that is generally applicable to many situation - one sentence - allows you to get the global picture of whats happening
50
Name some of the differences between Translating and Interpreting
- Interpreting: * feedback from audience * must listen and wait for meaning * WORKS IN REAL TIME

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