Interpreting 1: Midterm

Question 0

What is CI?

Answer 0

-CI is when the interpretation is rendered after the source message has stopped.

Question 1

What are the advantages of CI? (name 5)

Answer 1

(1) Removes heavy burden of time constraints
(2) Allows for more focus on listening and reformulation
(3) This allows for a less likelihood to detect missing information
(4) Allows for a greater focus on TL production
(5) Allows for target-speech failthfullness

Question 2

What is the difference between SI and CI? (name 5)

Answer 2

(1) In CI, the terp can devote more attention to the TL output
(2) In CI, less chances of SL intrusion
(3) SI, must match the speakers pace.
(4) CI, can take notes
(5) CI uses more memory skills (LTM) than SI

Question 3

What is the definition of translating?

Answer 3

• The process or activity involved in transferring a message from one language to another.
• The source and target message can be rexamined

Question 4

What is the definition of Long Consecutive?

Answer 4

-The term used to describe interpretation of more lengthy passages such as several paragraphs, or an entire speech.

Question 5

What is the definition of short consecutive?

Answer 5

-The term used to describe interpretation of short segments of discourse such as one or a few sentences.

Question 6

What is the difference between process and product?

Answer 6

• The process is what goes on in your head as you listen, analyze, and transfer the meaning.
• The product is the message rendered in the TL and is the observable part of the the process.

Question 7

What is the difference between interpreting and an interpretation?

Answer 7

• An interpretation is the PRODUCT of the process of interpreting.
• Interpreting is the PROCESS involved in transferring the message from one language to another in REAL TIME.

Question 8

Name the 5 linguistic competencies.

Answer 8

(1) Word Recognition (word)
(2) Transfer competence (travels)
(3) Cognitive Flexibility (completely)
(4) Methodological Competence (methods used to solve dilemmas) *moving
(5) Cultural and Subject Matter Competencies (creepily)

Question 9

What are Intralingual skills:

Answer 9

-when skills are developed within a language

Question 10

What are omissions?

Answer 10

• information that is deleted or left out

* when this happens it tends to be due to fatigue

Question 11

What are additions?

Answer 11

-When the interpreter does not understand the source message, he or she may use several possible meanings to express the concept.

Question 12

What is distortion?

Answer 12

• when either the overall message or part of the message is lost.
• most likely to happen with the message is very short

Question 13

What are intrusions?

Answer 13

-When one language’s grammar, vocabulary etc are used in another language (TL).

Question 14

What are the two errors that falls under “Inadequate language proficiency”?

Answer 14

• grammatical errors

- lexical errors

Question 15

What are the 5 errors in Register Conservation?

Answer 15

• Distortion (donkeys)
• Omissions (or)
• Additions (apes)
• Protocol, Procedure and Ethics (pronounce)
• Hedges and Filers (paralinguistic elements) (hanky)

Question 16

What is asked of the students for OP?

Answer 16

2 hours per week (20 hours for the semester)
3rd week of Jan practicum starts
outside of classroom hours
one supervisor or different ones
15 mins early arrive***
if you know youre going to be sick, call ahead
keep track of your own hours and contact your supervisors
ask your supervior how to dress for that day
ask if you can take notes or not

Question 17

What does the term “listenting” refer to?

Answer 17

–is used to refer to the perception of the English source message.

Question 18

Comprehension is based on what 2 critical features?

Answer 18

(1) Knowledge of the words in a language

(2) Knowledge of the grammar of a language

Question 19

What does ELK stand for?

Answer 19

-Extralinguistic Knowledge

Question 20

What are the 3 important types of processing that are related to listening?

Answer 20

(1) Identifying the meaning units in the message
(2) identifying the speaker’s intent
(3) Calling appropriate ELK or context into play to help frame the information

Question 21

What does the Main Idea refer to?

Answer 21

-the central premise around which the rest of the ideas are expanded.

Question 22

What must you do in oder to identify the main idea?

Answer 22

-you must sort out the ideas by level of importance and then by topic.

Question 23

What does the “hop, skip and jump” refer to?

Answer 23

-When the terp cannot keep up to the pace of the speaker, the terp must “hop” and “skip” over some of the details and “jump” to the next main point.

Question 24

What is the key word?

Answer 24

-one that labels the most important single concept in a passage.

Question 25

What does a summary include?

Answer 25

-the main points of the speech or talks generally does not include the details.

Question 26

What is macroprocessing?

Answer 26

-is a way of getting the pig picture about what is most important.

Question 27

What are the 3 phase that helps use understand the effect of the errors?

Answer 27

(1) Comprehension (2) Transfer (3) Reformulation

Question 28

What are Gile's Effort Model of Interpreting?

Answer 28

(1) Listening and Analysis (2) Production (3) Short Term Memory Effort

Question 29

What is Memory?

Answer 29

-the mental capacity of recalling or recognizing previously learned behaviour or past experience.

Question 30

What are the 3 competencies in interpreting process?

Answer 30

(1) Analyze for meaning (2) Segmentation (3) TL version

Question 31

What is central to accurate comprehension in ASL?

Answer 31

-Fingerspelling comprehension

Question 32

What are the 7 areas of comprehension errors at the discourse level?

Answer 32

1- ASL facial grammar above the nose (apples) 2- referencing (really) 3- spatial referencing (seem) 4- utterance boundaries (utterly) 5- miscomprehension's from the signer changing hands (mashed) 6- regional variation in signing (right) 7- speed of signing (speedily)

Question 33

What is distant cohesion?

Answer 33

-when the signer establishes a referent in space and the space is held for that particular referent. Then the signer can come back to this point at a later time.

Question 34

What are utterance boundaries?

Answer 34

- beginnings and endings | * Non manual movements

Question 35

What are closure skills?

Answer 35

-The ability to fill in missed or missing information

Question 36

What is handeness of the signer?

Answer 36

-when the signer switchdes their dominant hand is switched during communication.

Question 37

What are the 3 types of encoding?

Answer 37

1- visual 2- acoustic 3- semantic

Question 38

What are the key features of STM?

Answer 38

- attention | - registration

Question 39

What are the 3 long term types of memory?

Answer 39

1- episodic 2- semantic 3- procedural

Question 40

LTM has two broad categories, what are they?

Answer 40

1- procedural (used to perform actions, rollerblading, typing) 2- propositional (allows a person to remember concepts) *episodic *semantic

Question 41

What is episodic memory?

Answer 41

-comes from experiences and events and relies on sensory imput (sounds, sight, smell touch)

Question 42

What is semantic memory?

Answer 42

-allows you to remember specific information (facts learned from a book)

Question 43

What is retrieval?

Answer 43

-allows you to find information that you have stored

Question 44

Why does Forgetting happen?

Answer 44

- when mind at max capacity, old info is replaced with new | - interference: when two things distort one another

Question 45

What does pedagogical mean?

Answer 45

-the function or work of a teacher (academic)

Question 46

What does CRP stand for in Betty Colonmos model?

Answer 46

C- Concentrating R- Representing P- Planning

Question 47

What are the 3 main steps the colonomos devides the interpreting process into?

Answer 47

1- the message must be taking in the original language (SL) 2- analyzed for meaning 3- then produced in the language of the audience (TL)

Question 48

What are the 3 models of interpreting that we talked about in class?

Answer 48

1- Betty Colonomos 2- Sandra Gish 3- Dennis Cokley

Question 49

What does Sociolinguistics mean?

Answer 49

-the study of a language as it functions in society

Question 50

What do the 3 models have in common?

Answer 50

* regardless of what the setting is, the cognitive process of terp is the same * cog process is invisble, * taking from SLto TL

Question 51

What does Cokleys model focus on?

Answer 51

-errors and miscues in the interpreting process

Question 52

What are the 5 categories of mis cues in Cokley's model?

Answer 52

- Omission (most frequent but invisble to consumers) *ogars - additions (invisible to consumers) *are - Substitutions (invisible to consumers) *seriously - Intrusion (SL and TL, this IS visible) *incredibly - Anomalies (msg that doesn't make any sense, easiest for consumers to catch) *agile

Question 53

What separates Cokley's model from the rest?

Answer 53

-sociolinguistic model (study of language in relationship to social factors

Question 54

How did Cokley creat his model?

Answer 54

-by observing terps in social environments

Question 55

What separates Colonomos model from the rest?

Answer 55

*pedagogical (moddel for teaching and practicing, very practical

Question 56

What does Colomos model do?

Answer 56

-looks at where in the process there is a pattern of breaking down

Question 57

What are the two "models" that are used in two different models in Gish?

Answer 57

1- Service (approach to interpreting, helper, facilitator, bi-bi, all of theses are service models) 2- Processing (cokley and colonomos are processing models, what happens during the process of information *this model is neither

Question 58

What does the Gish model do?

Answer 58

- it provides a away on how to organize information - helps you creat prosody in your work - the first 3 or 4 levels in the model are often no available to you

Question 59

What are the 5 stages in interpreting in the So you want book?

Answer 59

1- Taking in SL (tom) 2- Identify deep structure meaning (is) 3- Apply contextual and schema screen (always) 4- Formulate and rehearse TL utterance (flicking) 5- Produce interpretation (peanuts)

Question 60

What is Taking in SL?

Answer 60

- not allowing enough time to wait for the whole message - cognitive competence - needs to be BIBI - keep track of non manual signals - how we bridge the culture gaps

Question 61

What is Identify deep structure meaning?

Answer 61

- what are their goals? what register are they using? what is their relationship? - implied and explicit message - power dynamics - age, affect - what is the goal of the comm (are they trying to be funny?) - consider the whole

Question 62

What are the five registers?

Answer 62

``` 1- Intimate 2- Informal 3- Consultative 4- Formal 5- Frozen ```

Question 63

What is Applying contextual and schema screen?

Answer 63

- shelve what is bothering you - keep your mind and your heart open - what is the topic? what is happening in the culture (are ppl getting along?) - when are they meeting (holiday?) - do they share similar schemas - why is this happening * bunny to rat story

Question 64

What is Formulate and rehearse TL utterance?

Answer 64

- how to express it, equvialent and accurate (ME, MA) - is the impact the same (laughing vs crying) - you must know enough of the TL - have the ability to self monitor and correct errors - cultural competence (how do we make it culturally appropriate?)

Question 65

What is Produce Interpretation?

Answer 65

- appropriate, equivalent and accurate (older person=slow pace) - expansion (TL user not use to it, so have to explain) - what is our role in this? - multi tasking and self monitoring (am I still being seen?) - are the goals being achieved? - sometimes you can use third person if sticky situation - educating while interpreting can be necessary - diff between sim terp and con terp is different setting

Question 66

What do all of the models have in common?

Answer 66

- they are all unable to demonstrate the simultaneity of the task and the multi-tasking required of the interpreter. - the cognitive process of interpreting is the same for all regardless of setting - the cog process is invisible because of where it takes place - they all take the SL and transfer it into the Tl

Question 67

What are some similarities between all of the models in accordance to the book?

Answer 67

- While maintaining awareness of the environ factors, the terp takes in the SL utterance - Lexical and semantics are chunked - the chunks are analyzed to identify the speakers goal ETC - deliberate discarding of SL word units and communication behaviours - mental note of the schema - a search is made to identify behaviours to produce in the TL - interpretation is expressed in the TL - the terp monitors internal and external feed back to check for errors.