DR Mid-Term/Final Flashcards
(69 cards)
0
Q
When was RID established? Where was it estb? How many members does it currently have?
A
- 1964
- During the meeting at Bell State Teachers College
- Over 16,000 members
1
Q
Why is it important to study and understand the culture which you work, and even more importantly study those to which you belong?(3)
A
(1) The deeper we understand our own cultures, the more we develop an understanding of how we differ, and possibly why that is so.
(2) Studying other cultures widens and deepens our worldly knowledge, and hopefully creates more sensitivity to open-mindedness to the norms and customs of other people
(3) Talking with someone knowledgable about our work, assists us to uncover areas of ignorance, and or patterns
2
Q
Why was RID founded?
A
-It was founded because of lack/shortage of qualified interpreters.
3
Q
Why would it be beneficial for Canada to have something similar to ADA?
A
-we would have a need for even more qualified interpreters (QUALIFIED, important) as it is now, there are still ppl moving throughout live without access to information. (dr appt, job related meeting ETC)
4
Q
When was AVLIC estbl? Who does it serve? How many members does it currently have?
A
- 1979
- Serves Canada
- Organization has grown to apprx 800 members (743 in directory)
5
Q
What is the goal of both RID and AVLIC? (9)
A
- the goal is to assist in the development and growth of the profession of interpreting
(2) work to support and collaborate with interpreting programs throughout their respective countries.
(3) continue to create and foster relataionships with tje general community (D,HH)
(4) Support affilate chapters to advance the filed
(5) Offer opportunites to career advancment (PD)
(6) opportunities to discuss issues/change/advancements related to the field
(7) upholding and promoting the Code of Ethics and Guidelines for Professional Conduct/code of Professional Conduct (CPC)
(8) Offering certification opportunities
(9) DRP grievance procedure
6
Q
Why have two bodies: RID and AVLIC?
A
- culturally we are different
- ethically/legally we are bounded by differences in law/acts
- business practices are diverse
7
Q
True or False? Communication and culture or inseparable?
A
-True
8
Q
Name a few Individualistic countries.
A
1- USA
2- Canada
3- Germany
9
Q
Name few Collectivists Countries.
A
1-Latin America 2- France 3- Iran 4- India 5- Asia
10
Q
What is the primary focus of a Ind culture?
A
- concerened about the survivial of the individual
- encouraged to be independent and self reliant
- having own opinions
- being creative
11
Q
What is the primary focus of a Collec culture?
A
- to help each other
- work together to achieve the goals of the group
- one must be basically be born into that culture to qualify as as a member
- lacking trust for outsiders
12
Q
What is low context culture?
A
- Individualistic
- requires sharing of more information because they have less shared experiences.
13
Q
What is a high context culture?
A
- Collectivists
- less sharing is required due to having access to the background via shared experiences.
14
Q
Who coined monochronic and polychroinc time?
A
-Edward T. Hall
15
Q
What is monochromic time?
A
- ppl tend to focus on one thing or person at a time
- separate Buisness from pleasure
16
Q
What is polychronic time?
A
-ppl and relationships take precedence over agendas and schedules.
17
Q
Do Americans focus more on similarities or differences between cultures?
A
-Similarities
18
Q
Why don’t American’s see themselves as typical Americans?
A
- unwilling to see that their perceptions and behaviours are culturally influenced
- beleive that other countries are interesting to visit or in need of aid from the USA
- assumes values they hold are individually selected
19
Q
What are the top two qualities that American’s value?
A
-Self-Reliance and Independence
20
Q
What is egalitarianism?
A
-belief in the equality of all people
21
Q
True or false? Americans love to solve problems?
A
-TRUE!
22
Q
What is mutual dependence?
A
- it is a survival tactic
ex: several D students in a class assist someone if they miss information (repeat or clarify) - no stigma related to this assistance
23
Q
What are the qualities associated with the core of Deaf culture?
A
- fluency in ASL
- residential school experience
- Deaf parents
24
Who are the 4 people from chapter 5 (Brandons chapter) that gave definitions of culture?
1- Carol Padden
2- Barbara Kannapell
3- Theresa B Smith
4- Tom Holcomb
25
Who takes on D idenity more easily?
-D children with either D parents or those who are immersed in D culture via school and language
26
Fill in the blank.
| Before the 1970's _____ was the means of communication and used in residential schools.
-oralism
27
When do D people tend to be come enculturated?
- at birth (those who have D parents)
- attend a D school at young age
- transfer from mainstream school to D school
- young adulthood
28
What is D culture? (quote)
-" Deaf culture..... is a compilation of experiences and solutions that Deaf people have found to be effective in providing them with productive lives"
29
Where to terps fit in D culture?
- terps are the anomaly (neither insiders nor outsiders)
- have privilege of power due to "inside information"
- seen by D comm as drawing a line between us by maintaining professional distance vs having heart.
30
What are the 5 elements of D culture that demonstrates the high value accorder to clear communication and preciousness of information?
1- Straight talk (blunt)
2- Direct personal comments (weight gain)
3- Keeping others informed (tell where going when leaving)
4- Sharing personal information (death, bathroom habits)
5- Clear access to communication (don't stand in way, close eyes)
31
What are the two types of name signs?
1- Arbitrary
| 2- Descriptive
32
If you want to be INappropriate in D culture... what will you ask?
- what is your DB loss?
- talking about what they are missing (music)
- asking someone to use their voice
33
What is THE rudest thing a hearing person can do to a D person?
-speak while a D person is present and not sign
34
Asian D culture. What are some tips for terps?
- finger pointing is impolite
- when referring to self, point to nose
- become familiar with culturally rich terms (saving face)
- those studying to become terps must emphasize the serious ness of the profession, academic prep required
35
African American/ Black D culture. Tips for terps.
- most posses capacity to code switch from voice to sign
- BVE is constantly changing
- must keep up with latest slang
- some words mean different things (bad, phat)
- non black terps are cautioned not to exaggerate
36
Latino, Hispanic D culture. Tips for terps.
- Latino's have a close conversational distance
- after interpreting you may be hugged or offered food
- lowered eyes= respect
- fam members tend to each other when ill
37
American Indian Culture. Tips for terps.
- sacred cultural and spiritual info cannot be shared with non Indians
- allow for pauses between speakers
- do NOT interrupt and elder
- touching may be viewed as inappropriate
- drums are sung not played
38
When was the TTY invented? Who invented it?
- 1964
| - Robert H Weitbrecht
39
When did ADA pass a mandated nationwide access to telecommunications relay service (TRS)?
-1990
40
When was the first 2 way pager designed?
-1998
41
When was street leverage founded?
-2011
42
What are the 3 stages of acculturation?
(1) Confusion
(2) Delayed Understanding
(3) Prediction
43
What are the 2 categories of Cultural Sets of Assumptions?
(1) Form (active vs passive, detail, general vs specific)
| 2) Content (cultural values, assumed cultural knowledge
44
What are the 9 techniques used for cultural adjustment?
(1) The Waiting Room Chat (15 mins before)
(2) Targeted Translation (want to elicit same response)
(3) Inoculated Questions (all we need yes or no, frame it in this)
(4) Signposting and Road Mapping (lays out what will discuss)
(5) Identifying the Function (what is the intent?)
(6) Highlighting the Point ( what is the main point?)
(7) Context Balancing (adding detail, information that is not shared)
(8) Back-Chanel Feedback ("know", "uh huh")
(9) Cues (what is being said in silence, tone, facial expression)
When
Timmy
Introduces
Sara
It
Has
Cool
Big
Connotations
45
What is the Asian expectation of "help"?
-The feeling of caring and personal involvement.
46
Do Latino Deaf prefer interperters of their same origin?
Yes (would ensure proper pronunciation of names, towns and family members)
47
How do you establish a feeling of trust in American Deaf culture?
- eye gaze
- turn taking
- use of questions
- touch
- pointing behaviours
48
What must white terps be aware of when terp for black ppl?
-have to be careful not to offend their audience while producing an equivalent message
49
What are some tips for terps from MQ's ppt?
- Know your own culture
- become savvy with how diff cultures build relationships
- be flexible with interpreting style
50
Prior to 1964 Who was in the role of terps?
- Family members
- Friends
- Neighbours
- Members of the church
51
What was the role of terps prior to 1964?
- helpers
- connecting/bridging
- caretaking
52
What encompasses a professional terp?
- Follows COE
- Degree
- Certificates
- NOT helpers
53
What are the 3 types of name signs?
1- Arbitrary
2- Descriptive
3- Blended
54
Why do D people ask "why want become interpreter"?
-questioning our motivations
55
What is one of the most important things for an interpreter to have?
-Good Attitude!
56
What are the 5 expectations in buisness calls?
(1) When and how to identify yourself by name
(2) How long you are given to get to the point of your call
(3) How much background information is required and expected
(4) How to register a complaint
(5) When a "thank you" is expected
57
What is a mediator?
-Someone who assists in helping resolve some type of disagreement that the parties involved are unable so solve on their own
(lawyers, therapists, volunteers)
58
How are the roles of a mediator and interpreter similar?
(1) maintain confidentiality
(2) remain neutral
(3) find themselves between two parties who do not understand each other
59
How are the roles of mediator and interpreter different?
(1) Communication (terps do not have a voice, whereas mediators do)
(2) Mediation is utilized for conflict- interpretation involves no inherent dispute.
(3) terps are cautions to not add anything/influence the interp
(4) mediators "do their best to ensure that any agreement they oversee is not blatantly unfair to one of the parties.
60
Do interpreters meet the role of a mediatory?
NO
- we operate from two different roles that share a common goal
- some terps see themselves as mediators because they are too in the middle
61
How do spoken lang terps differ from Signed lang terps?
SPOKEN LANGUAGE TERPS:
- conference settings, unable to ask for clarification
- able to sit next to the foreign speaker
- commonly native speakers of the language
- more so expected to share confidential information
- upon graduation want to terp in same level power situations
- conduit model (expansions are constrained)
- don't always have the opportunity for cultural adjustments
62
How are signed lang terps diff from spoken lang terps?
- clearly visible to all parties
- most of the time become focus of attention
- never be Deaf (not native)
- mostly seen as being "on the same side as" hearing
- sometimes seen as someone who simply turns on the audio
- cannot interrupt at high level situations
- work under the "bi-bi model"
- more cultural expansions are required
63
What are the similarities between spoken and signed lang terps?
- visibility: one on one situations, both will be visible
- both work with two languages
- both agree that it is nearly impossible to successfully interpret a joke into L2
- interpret employing a range of models (machine to mediator)
- its important to have a closet full of models (helper, machine, faciliator, bi bi, ally)
64
Why must we determine our scope of limits independently?
-because neither the mediator nor the role of the spoken lang terp fit signed language interpreting.
65
What are some areas NOT included in the obligation to deal with linguistic/cultural elements of an interaction?
(1) Individual Factors (someones being intentionally rude)
(2) Situational Factors (D person does not identify with D culture)
(3) Societal Factors ( power, who is in charge?)
(4) Oppression (D ppl are viewed as less intelligent)
66
What are some effects of oppression?
-horizontal violent against those who are more accessible than the oppressor.
-magical belief about powers of the oppressor (easy get jobs)
-emotional dependence on them
-
67
What is Audism?
-originally coined by Tom Humphreies in 1977, reffered to as the paternalistic, hearing centred endeavour that professes to serve Deaf people.
68
What has happened since 1985?
- Gallaudet Deaf President
- ADA, expanded access to communication ETC
- interpreting profession has matured
