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Diseases Of Cats And Dogs > Diseases Of The Muscular System And Nervous System > Flashcards

Diseases Of The Muscular System And Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the common causes of diseases in the musculoskeletal system?

A
  • Trauma
  • Fractures
  • Ligament ruptures
  • Degenerative disease
  • Inflammation
  • Poor conformation
  • Neoplasia
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2
Q

What are the classifications of long bone fractures?

A
  • Open vs closed
  • Simple vs comminuted
  • Stable vs unstable
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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of long bone fractures?

A
  • History of trauma
  • Pain or localized tenderness
  • Lameness
  • Deformity of the bone
  • Loss of function
  • Crepitus
  • Localized swelling or bruising
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4
Q

What is the typical healing time for long bone fractures?

A

5-8 weeks

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5
Q

What is the most common stifle injury in dogs?

A

CCL rupture

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of a CCL injury?

A
  • Acute onset
  • Non-weight bearing, limping
  • Internal rotation of tibia
  • Stifle effusion
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7
Q

What diagnostic tests are used for CCL injury?

A
  • Cranial drawer movement
  • Tibial compression test
  • Radiographs
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8
Q

What are the two forms of patellar luxation?

A
  • Medial
  • Lateral
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9
Q

What are the contributing factors for hip dysplasia?

A
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Environmental and dietary factors
  • Disparity between muscle mass and skeletal development
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10
Q

What are the surgical treatments for hip dysplasia?

A
  • Femoral head ostectomy (FHO)
  • Total hip replacement
  • Triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO)
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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD)?

A
  • Lameness in large-breed dogs (3-18 months of age)
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12
Q

What is panosteitis?

A

Common disease causing intermittent lameness in medium and large-breed dogs

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13
Q

What are the common sites affected by bone tumors?

A
  • Distal radius
  • Proximal humerus
  • Distal femur
  • Proximal tibia
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14
Q

What is the primary clinical sign of idiopathic vestibular disease?

A

Incapacitating loss of balance

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15
Q

What is the definition of idiopathic epilepsy?

A

Seizures with no apparent cause

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16
Q

What are the types of intervertebral disc disease?

A
  • Type 1: Acute rupture
  • Type 2: Extrusion over a longer period
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17
Q

What are the clinical signs of cervical spondylomyelopathy (Wobbler Syndrome)?

A
  • Progressive pelvic limb ataxia
  • Abnormal wearing of the dorsal surface of paws
  • Swinging, wobbly gait
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18
Q

What is the treatment for laryngeal paralysis?

A

Surgical - unilateral arytenoid tie-back

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19
Q

What is megaesophagus?

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A

Lack of esophageal peristalsis leading to esophageal dilation and regurgitation

20
Q

What is the common cause of tick paralysis?

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A

Salivary neurotoxin from female ticks

21
Q

What are the major causes of anemia in dogs and cats?

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A
  • Hemorrhage
  • Hemolysis
  • Blood parasites
  • Iron deficiencies
  • Immune-mediated disease
  • Toxins
22
Q

What is the most common form of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA)?

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A

Dogs aged 2-8 years, more prevalent in females

23
Q

What are the clinical signs of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMTP)?

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A
  • Causes unknown
  • 2x more likely in females
  • Dogs aged 5-6 years
24
Q

What is Absolute neutrophilia w/ a left shift?

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A

A condition characterized by an increase in neutrophils with a predominance of immature neutrophils in the blood

Often indicates an acute inflammatory response.

25
What is regenerative anemia?
An anemia where the bone marrow responds appropriately to the anemia by producing more red blood cells ## Footnote Often observed in cases of blood loss or hemolysis.
26
What is the primary treatment aim for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMTP)?
Aimed at improving tissue oxygenation and managing immune response ## Footnote Treatment includes glucocorticoids, blood transfusions, and other supportive measures.
27
What are common treatments for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMTP)?
* Glucocorticoids * Drugs to prevent gastric ulceration * Heparin to prevent thromboembolism * Blood transfusions ## Footnote These treatments help manage symptoms and complications.
28
What is the prognosis for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMTP)?
Guarded, with relapses common ## Footnote Long-term management may be necessary.
29
In which demographic is immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMTP) most commonly seen?
Dogs aged 5-6 years, more likely in females ## Footnote Gender and age are significant risk factors.
30
What causes the destruction of platelets in IMTP?
Platelets coated with antibodies causing the immune system to destroy them in the spleen, bone marrow, or liver ## Footnote This immune response leads to thrombocytopenia.
31
What are common clinical signs of IMTP?
* Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages * Bloody stool or vomit * Epistaxis * Weakness, lethargy ## Footnote These signs indicate significant drops in platelet counts.
32
What diagnostic methods are used for IMTP?
* Ruling out other causes of thrombocytopenia * Bone marrow exam * Clinical signs and response to treatment ## Footnote Diagnosis often requires a comprehensive approach.
33
What is Ehrlichiosis?
A rickettsial disease spread by the brown dog tick, primarily affecting dogs in tropical and subtropical environments ## Footnote Caused by Erlichia canis.
34
What are the clinical signs of acute phase Ehrlichiosis?
* Depression * Anorexia * Fever * Weight loss * Ocular and nasal discharge * Dyspnea * Limb edema * Lymphadenopathy ## Footnote These symptoms indicate a severe systemic illness.
35
What are the clinical signs of chronic phase Ehrlichiosis?
* Bleeding tendencies * Severe weight loss * Debilitation * Abdominal tenderness * Anterior uveitis * Retinal hemorrhages ## Footnote Chronic infections can lead to significant health issues.
36
What are the diagnostic methods for Ehrlichiosis?
* Hematology showing pancytopenia * Positive Coomb’s test * Serology with immunofluorescent antibody test ## Footnote Diagnosis often involves multiple tests to confirm infection.
37
What is the treatment for Ehrlichiosis?
Antibiotics such as tetracycline or doxycycline ## Footnote Early treatment is crucial for a good prognosis.
38
What is von Willebrand’s Disease?
An inherited disorder of hemostasis caused by deficiency of von Willebrand factor (vWF) ## Footnote It promotes platelet clumping and is the most common inherited bleeding disorder.
39
What are the clinical signs of von Willebrand’s Disease?
* Easy bruising * Prolonged bleeding during estrus * Prolonged bleeding from venipuncture ## Footnote These signs indicate issues with blood clotting.
40
What is the diagnostic test for von Willebrand’s Disease?
BMBT >4 minutes and low levels of vWF in plasma ## Footnote Affected individuals may also undergo DNA testing for confirmation.
41
What is the treatment for von Willebrand’s Disease?
* Manage bleeding episodes with plasma or cryoprecipitate * Desmopressin acetate to control bleeding during surgery ## Footnote Treatment is focused on managing symptoms and preventing complications.
42
What is the prognosis for von Willebrand’s Disease?
Guarded to good, but affected animals should not be used for breeding ## Footnote Relapses may occur and management is often required.
43
What is Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)?
A progressive disease endemic in most of the U.S., affecting primarily outdoor male cats ## Footnote The disease is characterized by immunosuppression.
44
What are the stages of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)?
* Acute * Subclinical * Chronic clinical ## Footnote Each stage has different clinical signs and implications.
45
What are common clinical signs of chronic clinical FIV?
* Chronic stomatitis * Weight loss * Recurrent URI * Chronic enteritis * Persistent dermatophytosis * Ocular disease * Neuro signs ## Footnote These signs indicate advanced disease and significant health decline.
46
What is the average age of cats diagnosed with FIV?
6-8 years ## Footnote Older cats are often more susceptible to the disease.
47
What is the treatment for Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)?
Supportive care and limiting contact with other cats ## Footnote Vaccination for FIV is not recommended.

Diseases Of Cats And Dogs (10 decks)

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