Diseases of the Vessels I

Question 1

What are more prone to compression, inflammation and neoplastic invasion?

Answer 1

Thin-walled veins (easier to get into vessel) and lymphatics, compared to thicker-walled arteries

Question 2

What is endothelium and what does it do? (5)

Answer 2

Question 3

How do vessels respond to injury? (4)

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Give an example of a congenital arterial disease

Answer 8

Arteriovenous fistula

Question 9

What is arteriovenous fistula? (5)

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the degenerative arterial diseases? (6)

Answer 10

• Arteriosclerosis
• Atherosclerosis
• Arteriolosclerosis
• Secondary hypertension
• Uraemia arterial degeneration
• Mineralisation

Question 11

What is atherosclerosis? (3)

Answer 11

Question 12

What is atherosclerosis like in different species? (7)

Answer 12

Question 13

What is arteriosclerosis? (6)

Answer 13

Image - amorphous eosinophilic material in wall, may be fibrinoid necrosis, amyloid

Question 14

What is systemic hypertension? (4)

Answer 14

Question 15

What is secondary hypertension - what does it lead to and the responses? (5)

Answer 15

Question 16

What is uraemic arterial degeneration and where is it located? (3)

Answer 16

Question 17

What are the types of mineralisation and how does it appear? (3)

Answer 17

Question 18

What are the causes of mineralisation? (4)

Answer 18

Question 19

How does arterial rupture occur? (4)

Answer 19

Question 20

What are the two arterial rupture syndromes in horses? (2)

Answer 20

• Uterine artery ruputure
• Aortic rupture

Question 21

What is uterine artery rupture? (3)

Answer 21

Question 22

What is aortic rupture? (5)

Answer 22

Question 23

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 23

• Focal abnormal dilation of any vessel
• Rare in animals except turkeys, most serious if they affect the aorta

Question 24

What are the different types of aneurysms? (3)

Answer 24

Question 25

What does Virchow's triad involve? (3)

Answer 25

Question 26

What are thrombosis and embolism? (5)

Answer 26

Question 27

When does thromboembolism occur? - Species differences (4)

Answer 27

Question 28

When can emboli develop? (3)

Answer 28

Question 29

What is aortoiliac thrombosis? (4)

Answer 29

Question 30

What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? (5)

Answer 30

Question 31

What are the different causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation? (DIC) (v. long list - 5 categories)

Answer 31

* Bacteria * Parasites * Viruses * Neoplasia * Other causes

Question 32

Which bacteria cause DIC? (3)

Answer 32

Question 33

Which parasites cause DIC? (6)

Answer 33

Question 34

Which viruses cause DIC? (7)

Answer 34

Question 35

Which neoplasia leads to DIC? (3)

Answer 35

* Carcinoma * Haemangiosarcoma * Leukaemia

Question 36

What are the other causes of DIC? (17)

Answer 36

Question 37

What are the different clinical manifestations of DIC? (6)

Answer 37

Question 38

What gross lesions can be due to DIC? (5)

Answer 38

Question 39

What are the different hypertrophic arterial diseases? (3)

Answer 39

* Pulmonary hypertension - congenital/acquired * High altitude disease in cattle - 'Brisket disease' * Heart disease - congenital/acquired

Question 40

What is high altitude disease in cattle? (+ where is hypertrophic arterial disease seen) (8)

Answer 40

Question 41

When can hypertrophic arterial disease occur? (6)

Answer 41

Question 42

What is vasculitis? (6)

Answer 42

Question 43

What does vasculitis originate from? and the consequences (6)

Answer 43

Question 44

What are the immune-mediated causes of vasculitis? (Non-infectious) (6)

Answer 44

Question 45

Which dog breeds are genetically predisposed to vasculitis? (5)

Answer 45

* Beagle * Greyhound * Shar pei * German shepherd * Bernese mountain dog

Question 46

What is idiopathic canine polyarteritis? (3)

Answer 46

Question 47

What is systemic necrotising vasculitis? (5)

Answer 47

Question 48

What is cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) (5)

Answer 48