STEEPLECHASE - RESPIRATORY Flashcards by Zhenzhen George

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Cow lungs - have distinct lobules (also in pigs and humans)

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Horse lungs - have intermediate lobulation (also in small ruminants)

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Cat lungs - absent lobules in carnivores

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Feline pulmonary aa. - have very thick tunica muscularis

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Rodent larger pulmonary veins - have cardiac muscle

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Normal bronchioles

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Smooth muscle hypertrophy - inflamed bronchioles

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Carbon in alveoli

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Choanal atresia - camelid

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Epistaxis - nosebleed

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Waldeyer’s ring - lymphoid tissues circling the oro and nasopharynx

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Idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis

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Cow - nasal granuloma (due to chronic allergic (atopic) rhinitis)

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Granulomatous rhinitis - due to cryptococcus - forms thick capsule with narrow-based budding

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Granulomatous rhinitis - caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi (forms polyps with huge endosporulating sporangia - endspore w/ capsule)

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Sinusitis

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Sinusitis

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Progressive ethmoid haematoma endoscopy - reddening = haemorrhage

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Paranasal sinus cysts in foals and young horses -> face + teeth distortion

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Horse - guttural pouch

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Guttural pouch tympany (air build-up)

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Pig - diverticulum dorsal to oesophagus (pharnyx)

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Balling gun injury pharyngeal lesion in ruminants

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Laryngeal oedema

Laryngitis

Laryngeal paralysis in horses - almost always affects left side

Laryngeal paralysis in horses - denervation atrophy of cricoarytenoid muscles, cartilage sags into larynx

Laryngeal chondritis

Trachea

Parasites in trachea

Stenotic nares - Brachycephalic airway syndrome

Elongated soft palate - Brachycephalic airway syndrome

Tracheal hypoplasia - Brachycephalic airway sundrome

Tracheal hypoplasia - Brachycephalic airway syndrome

Tracheal collapse

Tracheal collapse

Tracheal oedema + haemorrhage syndrome (partial obstruction by haemorrhage and oedema or dorsal trachea) AKA 'Honker syndrome'

Pneumothorax - lungs very collapsed

Hydrothorax

Chylothorax

Fibrinous pleuritis

Pyothorax - pleuritis

Chronic pleuritis

Pleuritis - horse

Dog - pleuritis

Pleutritis - cat

Pleuritis - pig

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Lungs - lobe torsion

Lamb - perinatal mortality - patchy atelectasis (collapsed lung)

Lamb, stillborn - diffuse atelectasis (lung is liver-like)

Alveolar emphysema - permanent enlargement of alveoli

Interstitial emphysema

Bleb (emphysema)

Bullae - emphysema

Overinflation of alveoli - congenital lobar overinflation in dog

Pale - anaemic lung

Normal lung - salmon pink

Congested lung

Oedema - alveoli

Embolic thrombi

Pulmonary lung infarction

Septic emboli

Fat emboli

Pulmonary haemorrhage

Pulmonary haemorrhage

Equine exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH)

Endoscope - changes to distal area - equine exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH)

Horse lungs - equine exercise-associated fatal pulmonary haemorrhage

Pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary vasculitis

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease

Flattened, cuboidal looking epithelium (should be cuboidal) - bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis - dog

Feline asthma

Bronchiectasis

Primary ciliary dyskinesia - ciliated cells

Male infertility - primary ciliary dyskinesia

Bronchiolitis obliterans - lymphocytes, fibroblasts, fibrous polyps occlude lumen

Aspiration pneumonia - asymmetric lesion

Sequestrum of bronchopneumonia

Chronic adhesions - bronchopneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia

Diffuse alveolar damage

Diffuse alveolar damage

Diffuse alveolar damage

Interstitial lung disease - ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome - foal

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome - meconium aspiration syndrome in calves

Lipid pneumonia

Alveolar filling disorder

Alveolar histiocytosis / endogenous lipid pneumonia - foamy macrophages in alveoli

Alveolar hyalinosis

Pneumonoconiosis - anthracosis (black, carbon present)

Penumoconiosis - silicates - on bronchioles, fibrosis and granulomatous inflammation

Fog fever (3-methylindole toxicity) - heavy lungs, hyaline mems

Abscesses due to emboli/from chronic bronchopneumonia

Emphysema in lungs due to equine asthma syndrome (recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)), severe asthma

Equine asthma syndrome - inflammatory airway disease

Equine asthma syndrome - recurrent airway obstruction

BAL (Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology), feline asthma - abundant eosinophils, more eosinophils compared to IAD in horses

BAL (Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology) - feline chronic bronchitis - abundant neutrophils