STEEPLECHASE - MUSCULOSKELETAL Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
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A
Brachygnathia
2
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Complete palatoschisis
3
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Prognathia
4
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Pectus excavatum
5
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Kyphosis
6
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Scoliosis
7
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Block vertebrae
8
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Butterfly/hemivertebrae
9
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Lordosis
10
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Manatee - confined in small aquarium, developed severe scoliosis (lateral deviation)
11
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Spina bifida in dog
12
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Mircomelia
13
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Peromelia
14
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Notomelia
15
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Hemimelia
16
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Amelia
17
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Polydactyly
18
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Syndactyly
19
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Ectrodactyly
20
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Dactylomegaly
21
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Adactyly
22
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23
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Osteogenesis impefecta - lateral deviation in joints, collagen I mutation
24
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
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26
Osteopetrosis
27
28
Congenital cortical hyperostosis
29
Congenital hyperostosis
30
'Lion jaw' craniomandibular osteopathy
31
Craniomandibular osteopathy 'Lion jaw'
32
Chondrodysplasia
33
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Disproportionate dwarfism - Grey alpine calf w/ Ellis van Creveld syndrome (chondrodysplasia)
35
Manganese deficiency, not congenital, acquired/nutritional deficiency (chondrodysplasia)
36
Texel lamb - disproportionate dwarfism, shortened limbs and wide base (chondrodysplasia)
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(Chondrodysplasia)
38
Osteochondrosis
39
Osteochondrosis latens - well-demarcated area of necrosis of cartilage
40
Osteochondrosis manifesta - arrows = associated with areas of foci of necrosis - areas of retained cartilage = hypertrophic chondrocytes
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Osteochondrosis dissecans - arrow pointing to 'joint mice'
42
Vertebral myelopathy
43
Dynamic vertebral myelopathy - flexion
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Osteoporosis
46
Rickets and osteomalacia
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Head brachygnathia superior
49
Dental dysplasia, with small pink-grey barely erupted teeth in a two-week old Holstein calf with osteogenesis imperfecta (right), left = normal calf
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Osteopetrosis
52
Cervical vertebral myelopathy "Wobbler syndrome"
53
Cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation in a horse. Flexion of the cervical vertebrae results in stenosis of the spinal canal (asterisk). Flaring of caudal epiphysis (arrowhead), can also contribute to spinal compression
54
Cervical vertebral malformation-matriculation in a horse, Osteochondrosis of the articular facet joints can contribute to the intervertebral joint instability
55
Osteoporosis
56
Osteoporosis
57
Osteoporosis
58
Osteoporosis
59
Costochondral junction, rickets
60
Pig, rib, dysplasia
61
Fibrous osteodystrophy, "Rubber jaw"
62
Fibrous osteodystrophy
63
Fibrous osteodystrophy
64
Fibrous osteodystrophy
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Congenital porphyria
70
Porphyria
71
Erythropoietic porphyria
72
Exostosis
73
Enostosis
74
Osteophyte
75
Enthesophyte
76
Hyperostosis
77
Hypertrophic osteopathy
78
Bone, hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
79
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Osteochondromatosis feline leucopenia
81
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Subchondral cyst
83
Compression force
84
Avulsion/distraction forces
85
Shear forces @ mid diaphysis
86
Bending forces - two forces opposed to mid-diaphysis
87
Torsion force - twisting on longitudinal axis
88
Compound FX
89
Transverse FX - perpendicular to long axis of bone
90
Linear FX - parallel to long axis
91
Oblique non-displaced - tangential (along), remain relatively aligned
92
Oblique displaced FX
93
Spiral 3D FX
94
Greenstick FX - cortical bone, minimal involvement of underlying trabeculae bone
95
Comminuted FX - severe forces (shatter FX fragments)
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Direct or contact healing
99
Small gap healing
100
101
Thorax gunshot perforations
102
FX fixation devices - wires, screws, plates + intramedullary nails
103
Epiphysiolysis - dog
104
Valgus deformity - deviation of limb laterally, damage on lateral aspect
105
Varus deformity - deviation of limb medially, damage occurred on medial aspect of physis
106
Sesamoid FX
107
Sesamoid FX
108
109
Chronic pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis in cow - Actinomyces bovis = lumpy jaw
110
Sequestrum in a foal with Salmonella osteomyelitis
111
Suppurative vertebral osteomyelitis in pig, usually Streptococcus suis
112
Highly suggestive histologic feature = Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon (intense eosinophilic material)
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Bone osteomyelitis physis
119
Bone abscess
120
Large dog breeds
121
Panosteitis in a German Shepherd dog. Patchy foci of increased bone density within the medullary cavity (arrows)
122
Panosteitis
123
124
Aseptic necrosis
125
Cachexia (atrophy)
126
Muscle atrophy
127
Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's) - 'pot belly' due to abdominal muscle atrophy
128
Left superficial cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle in horse - denervation atrophy
129
Compensatory response to injury
130
Vacuolar change
131
Internal nuclei
132
Whorled and ring fibres
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Distinct groups of atrophic and hypertrophic fibres in child w/ spinal muscular atrophy, hypertrophic fibres up to 100 micrometres
135
Atrophy restricted to darkly stained type 2 fibres induced by steroid therapy
136
ATPase staining following preincubation at pH 4.3 showing atrophy selectively affecting darkly stained type 1 fibres in a case of myotubular myopathy + hypertrophy of pale type 2 fibres
137
Internal nuclei (arrow) within fibres of varying size, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
138
Chain of internal nuclei in longitudinally sectioned fibre 48 micrometres in diameter
139
An area of multiple splitting = small cluster of fibres
140
Hypertrophic fibres w/ multiple internal splits - Duchenne muscular dystrophy, small arrow = nuclei along splits, variation in fibre size due to branching of fibres (large arrow)
141
Whorled fibre w/ twisted myofibrils
142
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145
Segmental necrosis
146
Segmental necrosis
147
Segmental necrosis
148
Muscle necrosis and regeneration
149
Muscle regeneration - myotubule grows + differentiates + develops sarcomeres (striation) and nuclei move to the periphery (requires intact basal lamina)
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Arthrogryposis - failure of innervation of muscles
153
Hypermuscular Belgian blue bull
154
Splay leg in pigs, myofibrillar hypoplasia
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Muscle dystrophy
157
Myotonia (channelopathies) - inability of skeletal muscle to relax
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Splay leg syndrome
160
Muscle - lumbar porcine stress syndrome, malignant hyperthermia
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Degenerative myopathy - disturbance of circulation -\> saddle thrombus
164
Degenerative myopathy - disturbance of circulation
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Ischaemic muscle necrosis - cow
167
Rear leg muscle - coagulative necrosis of cow
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White muscle disease, selenium and vit E deficiency
170
White muscle selenium deficiency
171
Toxic myopathy - monophasic/polyphasic necrosis
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Myodegeneration - cassia toxicity
174
Exertional myopathy
175
Exertional myopathy or 'capture myopathy' in wild animals
176
Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
177
Myositis ossificans
178
Suppurative myositis
179
Inflammatory diseases
180
Clostridium chauvoei, clostridial myositis
181
Pyogenic bacteria, localised suppurative + necrotising myositis - injection site in a cow
182
Inflammatory disease
183
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FMDV - pale multifocal, irregular, linear stripping (piglet)
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