MSK Parasites

Question 1

What are the helminths of the MSK? (2)

Answer 1

• Tichinella (roundworm)
• Raenia spp. (tapeworm)

Question 2

What are the protozoa of the MSK? (2)

Answer 2

• Sarcocystis spp.
• Toxoplasma gondii

Question 3

What is Trichinella? (3)

Answer 3

Question 4

What is the most common species of Trichinella?

Answer 4

T. spiralis - host = domestic and wild animals, domestic pigs, wild board and horses = source of human infection, cosmopolitan location

Question 5

Trichinella - life cycle (7)

Answer 5

1. Ingestion of undercooked meat by humans = dead-end host, don’t see animals feeding on humans, so no further transmission
2. Larva released in SI
3. Adults in SI
4. Larva deposited in mucosa
5. Encysted larva in striated mucle
6. Sylvatic cycle (predation/scavenging)
7. Domestic cycle (meat scraps of rodents/cannibalism) - farmed animals (pigs in Europe)

Question 6

Trichinella - life stages (5)

Answer 6

Question 7

Trichinella species - hosts, source of human infection and location? (8)

Answer 7

Question 8

Trichinella - epidemiology + transmission in animals (6)

Answer 8

Question 9

Trichinella - epidemiology and transmission in humans (6)

Answer 9

Question 10

Trichinella - clinical consequences of infection in animals (2)

Answer 10

Question 11

Trichinella - diagnosis in animals (5)

Answer 11

Question 12

Trichinella - other diagnostic methods (2)

Answer 12

Question 13

Trichinella - control and prevention (5)

Answer 13

Question 14

Trichinella saginata - definitive host, intermediate host, metacestode location, metacestode name

Answer 14

• Human
• Cow
• Muscle
• Cysticercus bovis

Question 15

Trichinella solium - definitive host, intermediate host, metacestode location, metacestode name

Answer 15

• Human
• Pig, human
• Muscle, brain
• Cystercercus cellulosae

Question 16

Trichinella ovis - definitive host, intermediate host, metacestode location, metacestode name

Answer 16

• Dog
• Sheep
• Muscle
• Cysticercus ovis

Question 17

Taenia adult morphology (3)

Answer 17

Question 18

Taenia - general features of epidemiology (6)

Answer 18

Question 19

Taenia saginata life cycle (6)

Answer 19

1. Cow (intermediate host) ingests embryonated eggs, hatch, oncospheres migrate to tissues, develop to cysticerci
2. Cysterceri (in muscle tissue) are ingested with raw or undercooked beef, humans = definitive host
3. Cysticeri released from muscle in stomach
4. Worms mature + live in SI
5. Scolex contains four suckers
6. Proglottids pass in faeces

Question 20

What is cysticercus bovis (2)

Answer 20

Question 21

Taenia saginata - epidemiology in developing countries (5)

Answer 21

Question 22

Taenia saginata epidemiology - Europe (7)

Answer 22

Question 23

Prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in Europe and the UK

Answer 23

Question 24

Taenia solium life cycle

Answer 24

Question 25

Countries and areas at risk of human cysticercosis

Answer 25

Question 26

Taenia solium - epidemiology (5)

Answer 26

Question 27

Porcine cysticercosis cases in Europe

Answer 27

Question 28

Taeniasis - disease in humans (3)

Answer 28

Question 29

Taenia solium juveniles - disease in intermediate host (humans) (3)

Answer 29

Question 30

Impact of cysticercosis in animals (3)

Answer 30

Question 31

Taeniasis - diagnosis (5)

Answer 31

Question 32

Cysticercosis - diagnosis (6)

Answer 32

Question 33

Taeniasis + cysticercosis - control (7)

Answer 33

Question 34

What is Taenia ovis I? (7)

Answer 34

Question 35

What is Taenia ovis II? (5)

Answer 35

Question 36

What are Sarcocystis? (7)

Answer 36

Question 37

Sarcocystis - biology and epidemiology (4)

Answer 37

Question 38

Sarcocystis species, intermediate host, definitive host, pathogenic intermediate host, pathogenic definitive host (don't need to learn all)

Answer 38

Question 39

Sarcocystis life cycle (6)

Answer 39

Question 40

Sarcocystis - histopathology

Answer 40

Question 41

What are the sarcocystosis pathogenic species (3)

Answer 41

S. bovicanis, S. ovicanis, S. suicanis

Question 42

Sarcocystosis in domestic animals (8)

Answer 42

Question 43

Sarcocystosis - pathogenesis and lesions (6)

Answer 43

Question 44

Sarcocystosis - diagnosis (5)

Answer 44

Question 45

Sarcocystis - control in domestic animals (5)

Answer 45

Question 46

What is Sarcocystis suihominis? (4)

Answer 46

Question 47

Summary of MSK parasites (7)

Answer 47