Disgetive Glands (In Class)- Cole

Question 0

what are the 3 major salivary glands?

Answer 0

parotid, submandibular and sublingual

Question 1

Exocrine glands have what? how are these glands classified?

Answer 1

ducts; branching of ducts, secretory units, secretory products, or by secretory mechanism

Question 2

what do salivary glands open into?

Answer 2

intercalated ducts

Question 3

submandibular gland has what kind of secretions?

Answer 3

S & M “not that kind”

Question 4

what secretions from parotid gland?

Answer 4

serous gland

Question 5

what secretions from sublingual gland?

Answer 5

mucous

Question 6

plasma cells in glands secrete what?

Answer 6

IgA

Question 7

what are the primary functions of saliva?

Answer 7

lubricate, protective function, and digestive function (ligual lipase, and amylase)

Question 8

what enzymes do parotid glands produce?

Answer 8

amylase, peroxidase, lysozyme

Question 9

What kinds of things lead to tumors of parotid glands?

Answer 9

mumps and rabies

Question 10

what are complications of mumps?

Answer 10

orchitis (inflammation of testes) and meningitis

Question 11

what can orchitis lead to?

Answer 11

sterility

Question 12

what gland is the most prone to slow-growing benign tumors? what is surgery complicated by?

Answer 12

parotid; facial n.

Question 13

what do mucous cells of submandibular glands produce?

Answer 13

mucin

Question 14

what kind of gland is sublingual?

Answer 14

branched

Question 15

what is the endocrine component of pancreas? how much of volume is this?

Answer 15

islet of Langerhans; 2%

Question 16

main function of islet of langerhans?

Answer 16

glucose metabolism

Question 17

exocrine part of pancreas?

Answer 17

acinus

Question 18

ducts from pancreatic acinar cells are lined with?

Answer 18

centroacinar cells

Question 19

centroacinar cells do what?

Answer 19

secrete aqueous bicarb and mucin

Question 20

pancreas secretion are under control of what?

Answer 20

CCK

Question 21

where does CCK bind?

Answer 21

acinar cell receptors

Question 22

where does secretin act?

Answer 22

duct cells to adjust pH

Question 23

what will increase protease synthesis?

Answer 23

protein rich diet

Question 24

carbohydrate rich diet increases synthesis of?

Answer 24

amylases and decrease proteases

Question 25

amylase gene expression is regulated by?

Answer 25

insulin (thru insuloacinar portal system: internal circulation within pancreas)

Question 26

what usually results in acute pancreatitis?

Answer 26

heavy meals or excessive alcohol ingestion

Question 27

acute pancreatitis involves what?

Answer 27

premature activation of pancreatic enzymes (trypsinogen and trypsin) and inactivation of trypsin inhibitor; autodigestion of pancreatic acini

Question 28

Blood is supplied to liver by?

Answer 28

protal vein (75-80%) transports blood from GI, spleen, and pancreas; hepatic artery (20-25%) via interlobar and interlobular a.

Question 29

largest gland in the body?

Answer 29

liver

Question 30

what do portal triads do?

Answer 30

convey blood into liver and bile out of liver

Question 31

portal lobule is based on what?

Answer 31

direction that bile flows

Question 32

what is the classic hepatic lobule?

Answer 32

hexagonal; surrounds central v.; portal triads at the angles

Question 33

liver acinus is based on what? (she "can't see this one")

Answer 33

oxygen gradient

Question 34

hepatocytes have what functions?

Answer 34

oxygen needed for functions of removing things from blood

Question 35

what is a Kupffer cell?

Answer 35

a macrophage

Question 36

what is the sinusoidal space between fenestrated endothelium?

Answer 36

space of Disse; designed to be as leaky as possible

Question 37

what is between hepatocytes?

Answer 37

bile cannaliculi

Question 38

Ito cells are located where? function?

Answer 38

located at intervals within the space of Disse; function as storage sites for fat and Vit A

Question 39

what direction does blood flow in relation to blood?

Answer 39

opposite

Question 40

bile canaliculus empty into?

Answer 40

canal of Hering then into portal bile duct

Question 41

basolateral side of hepatocyte has what?

Answer 41

microvilli extending into space of Disse

Question 42

what do bile salts allow?

Answer 42

fat absorption

Question 43

what does long term consumption of ethanol result in?

Answer 43

fatty liver, cirrohosis, or heptocellular carcinoma

Question 44

gallbladder functions?

Answer 44

storage, concentration, and release of bile