Disinfection + Sterilization

Question 1

What is the name for a hospital acquired infection?

Answer 1

Nosocomial

Question 2

What is a Nosocomial infection?

Answer 2

Infection acquired in hospital by the patient, admitted for another reason besides the infection

Question 3

Why is it important to know about nosocomial infections?

Answer 3

Cost hospitals billions a year

Question 4

What does SSI stand for?

Answer 4

Surgical Site Infection

Question 5

What is a SSI?

Answer 5

Infection that occurs after surgery in part of the body where surgery takes place

Question 6

What are the most common symptoms of an SSI?

Answer 6

Redness and pain
Drainage of cloudy fluid
Fever

Question 7

When should pre-surgical AB’s be started?

Answer 7

About 60 minutes before the surgery starts

Question 8

When should surgical AB’s be stopped?

Answer 8

Within 24 hours of surgery ending

Question 9

What is the normal rate of SSI?

Answer 9

~5%

Question 10

What does antiseptic mean?

Answer 10

Prevents/arrest growth of microorganisms

Question 11

What is antiseptic placed on?

Answer 11

Living tissue

Question 12

What does asepsis mean?

Answer 12

Prevention of content with microorganisms

Question 13

What is an autoclave?

Answer 13

Sterilizes instruments or other objects using steam under pressure

Question 14

What is a disinfectant?

Answer 14

Chemical/Physical agent that destroys microorganisms

Question 15

What don’t disinfectants kill?

Answer 15

Spores

Question 16

What are disinfectants applied to?

Answer 16

Inanimate objects

Question 17

What is a sanitizer?

Answer 17

Agent that reduces number of bacterial contaminants to safe levels as judged by public health requirements

Question 18

What does being sterile indicate?

Answer 18

State of being free from all living organisms

Question 19

What are the three levels of disinfectant?

Answer 19

Low + Intermediate + High

Question 20

What does low level disinfectant?

Answer 20

Vegetative bacteria + Fungi + Influenze

Question 21

What does intermediate level disinfectant kill?

Answer 21

Enteroviruses + Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Question 22

What does high level disinfectant?

Answer 22

Bacterial + Fungal Spores

Question 23

What are the two types of sterilization?

Answer 23

Physical and Chemical

Question 24

What are the three examples of physical sterilization?

Answer 24

Heat + Filtration + Radiation

Question 25

What are the two examples of chemical sterilization?

Answer 25

Ethylene oxide + Hydrogen Peroxide

Question 26

What is the mechanism of action for steam sterilization?

Answer 26

Destroy microorganisms by irreversible coagulation and denaturation of enzymes and proteins

Question 27

What machine is used for steam sterilization?

Answer 27

Autoclave

Question 28

What are the four conditions created by the autoclave?

Answer 28

High temp + Pressurized + Steam + Time

Question 29

What is the ideal steam in sterilization?

Answer 29

Dry saturated steam + entrained water

Question 30

What is the point of the pressure in the steam sterilization?

Answer 30

Allows the machine to reach higher temps

Question 31

What temperature does the autoclave reach? (two temps)

Answer 31

121 + 132 Celcius

Question 32

How long does the autoclave run at 121/250 degrees?

Answer 32

30 minutes

Question 33

How long does the autoclave run at 132/270 degrees?

Answer 33

4 minutes

Question 34

What type of sterlizer does 121 degrees C?

Answer 34

Gravity displacement

Question 35

What type of steilizer does 132 degrees C?

Answer 35

Prevacuum sterilizer

Question 36

What are the three types of sterilizer monitors?

Answer 36

Mechanical + Chemical + Biological

Question 37

What biologic is used to test steam sterilization?

Answer 37

Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores

Question 38

When should you not use flash sterilization?

Answer 38

Convenience + Just to save time + Implantable devices

Question 39

When should flash sterilization be used?

Answer 39

Emergencies

Question 40

How is flash sterilization done?

Answer 40

Unwrapped objects at 132 for 3 minutes at 28 lbs of pressure

Question 41

What are the two types of low temp sterilization?

Answer 41

Ethylene oxide + Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide

Question 42

When is ethylene oxide used?

Answer 42

Sterilizing temperature and moisture sensitive devices

Question 43

How does the ethylene oxide sterilization work?

Answer 43

Alkylation of protein, DNA, RNA prevents normal cells from metabolism and replication

Question 44

What are the disadvantages of ETO?

Answer 44

``` Length of cycle time Potential hazards (flammable, toxic, carcinogen) ```

Question 45

What is the biological indicator for ETO?

Answer 45

Bacillus subtilis

Question 46

What are the five cycles of ETO?

Answer 46

Humidification + Gas + Exposure + Evacuation + Air

Question 47

How does vaporized H2O2 work?

Answer 47

Generation of destructive hydroxyl and hzdroproxyl free radicals that attach to lipids, DNA + other cell components

Question 48

What is the big upside to vaporized H2O2?

Answer 48

kills spores

Question 49

What are the advantages to vaporized H2O2?

Answer 49

Byproducts non toxic | Short cycle

Question 50

What are the cycles to vaporized H2O2?

Answer 50

Dehumidify air VHP created Air circulated Generator breaks down H2O2

Question 51

When is ionizing radiation used?

Answer 51

Prepackaged supplies