Dislcoatino

Question 1

types of shoulder dislocation

Answer 1

Anterior
Posterior
Inferior
Inferior sublax
Multidirectional instability
Anteriorr sublaxation, posterior sublaxation

Question 2

MC type shoulder dislocation

Answer 2

anterior

Question 3

Mechanism of anterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 3

Abduction, extention and ER

Question 4

bankart lesion

Answer 4

ant, inf labral tear ass with anterior shoulder dislocation

Ass with high recurrence rate espoecially in younger patients

Question 5

Hill Sachs lesion

Answer 5

Lesion in posterolateral humeral head due to anterior inferior impact with glenoid

Question 6

Ass conditions with shoulder dislocation

Answer 6

Rotator cuff tear- espically in older patients >40yo
Axillary nerve injury
Greater tuberosity fracture

Question 7

Most common injured nerve during shoudler dislocation

Answer 7

axillary

Question 8

Ass with posterior shoulder dislocaiton

Answer 8

seizures or electric shock

Question 9

dx psoterior shoulder dislocaiton

Answer 9

AP AND AXILLARY VIEW
AP view- lightbulb sign
Axillary - dislocation

Question 9

cause of inferiro shulder sublaxation

Answer 9

deltoid atony

Question 10

shoulder dislocaiton management

Answer 10

traction with rotation

Question 11

dislocations and relaocations

Answer 11

card sets

Question 12

most common type of joint dislocation

Answer 12

shoulder

Question 13

necessary investigations for suspected shoulder dislocation

Answer 13

2 x ray views to r/o fracture- AP, axillary, lateral scapula

Question 14

predisposing factors for recurrent shoulder dislocation

Answer 14

Rotator cuff tear
Damage to the glenohumeral ligament
Bankart lesion and Hill-Sachs lesion
Loose joint capsule

Question 15

feature of anterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 15

arm held in abduction and slight ER
humaral head palpable below coracoid
Loss of shoulder contour: prominent acromion and flattening of the deltoid muscle

Question 16

features of posterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 16

Arm held in adduction and internal rotation (limited external rotation)
Prominent coracoid process with anterior soft tissue flattening
Humeral head not palpable [6]

Question 17

features of inferior shoulder dislocaiton

Answer 17

Arm held in fixed abduction at ∼ 125° (limited adduction)
Humeral head may be palpable in axilla
Elbow typically held in flexion with a pronated forearm
Axillary nerve injury may be present.

Question 18

Clinical evaluation of shoulder dislocaiton

Answer 18

assess for signs of a fracture
neurovascular exam

Question 19

When would you consider MRI for shoulder dislocation

Answer 19

Hill-Sachs lesion or Bankart lesion identified on x-ray
Normal x-ray despite history consistent with dislocation event

Question 20

mng of posterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 20

typically reduced under general anasthesia

Question 21

mng of inferior shoulder dislocaiton

Answer 21

Consider traction-countertraction OR gentle rotation of the humeral head to convert it to an anterior dislocation, followed by an anterior dislocation reduction technique.
Consult orthopedics if the humeral head is entrapped, e.g., by the glenohumeral ligament or joint capsule.

Question 22

anterior shoulder dislocation techniques for relaoaciont

Answer 22

scapular manipulation
milch technique
traction-countertraction

Question 23

post shoudler reducation care

Answer 23

Repeat neurovascular examination and imaging to evaluate reduction success and identify complications (e.g., Hill-Sachs lesion).
Apply an arm sling or shoulder immobilizer.
Provide analgesia, e.g., acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and/or ice packs.
Ensure short-term follow-up (e.g., in 5–8 days) for orthopedics assessment and subsequent rehabilitation.
Counsel patients on the risk of early recurrence and advise avoidance of contact sports until fully healed.

Question 24

patellar dislocation

Answer 24

patella slips out of the femoral trochlear groove, usually laterally

Question 25

causes of patellar dislocaitons

Answer 25

Non-contact (most common): usually due to a twisting injury when the knee is simultaneously in flexion and under valgus strain Direct contact: usually due to a direct sideward impact on the patella (e.g., during contact sports or a car accident)

Question 26

when is a full x ray series for knee dislocation recommended

Answer 26

Positive Ottawa knee rules criteria Effusion Recurrent patellar instability

Question 27

management of patellar dislocation

Answer 27

The patella often relocates spontaneously, making manual reduction unnecessary.

Question 28

most common cause of posterior dislocation of the elbow

Answer 28

FOOSH

Question 29

Mng of elbow dislocations

Answer 29

Elbow dislocations without an associated fracture are managed conservatively with closed reduction and immobilization Flex the elbow to 90° and pronate (preferred) or supinate the forearm. Apply slow axial traction to the forearm while applying counter traction to the middle or distal humerus. Simultaneously apply direct pressure on the posterior aspect of the olecranon. Monitor for signs of successful reduction. Palpable clunk Normal triangular orientation of the three bony prominences of the elbow Reduced pain Verify the stability of relocation by moving the arm through a range of motion. Obtain repeat x-rays to verify correct positioning. Repeat neurovascular examination. Postreduction Elbow immobilization Use a posterior long arm splint or brace. Place the elbow at 90° flexion with the forearm in slight pronation. Reassess vascular status after the splint is applied. Maintain immobilization for 5–10 days. [1][5] POLICE principle Range of motion exercises (after a period of immobilization) Orthopedic follow-up (within 1 week) [3]

Question 30

complications of elbow dislocation

Answer 30

brachial artery injury joint instability posttraumatic stiffness peripheral nerve injury

Question 31

classificaiton of elbow dislocaitons

Answer 31

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Question 32

suspected elbow dislocations- required imaging

Answer 32

Anteroposterior and lateral X rays

Question 33

Posterior hip dislocations present with

Answer 33

shortened and internally rotated leg

Question 34

anterior hip dislocaiton presentation

Answer 34

The affected leg is usually abducted and externally rotated. No leg shortening.

Question 35

complications of hip dislocation

Answer 35

Sciatic or femoral nerve injury Avascular necrosis Osteoarthritis: more common in older patients. Recurrent dislocation: due to damage of supporting ligaments

Question 36

Anterorposterior x ray view: humeral head in subcoraocid position

Answer 36

Anterior shoudler dislocation

Question 37

'Popeye' deformity in the middle of the upper arm

Answer 37

biceps rupture

Question 38

risk factors for biceps rupture

Answer 38

Heavy overhead activities Shoulder overuse or underlying shoulder injuries which may stress the biceps tendon Smoking Corticosteroids; these weaken tendons

Question 39

biceps rupture mechanism of injury

Answer 39

Proximal biceps long tendon ruptures: typically occurs when the biceps are lengthened and contracted and a load is applied. e.g. the descent phase of a pull-up. Distal biceps tendon ruptures: Usually when a flexed elbow is suddenly and forcefully extended whilst the biceps muscle is contracted. already

Question 40

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Answer 40

anterior shoulder dislocation

Question 41

common nerve injured in posterior hip dislocaiton

Answer 41

sciatic nerve injury

Question 42

Mng ant shoulder dislocation

Answer 42

1. Closed reduction under sedation If unsuccessful or concomitant fracture or persistent neurovascular cx, then ortho referral 2. Shoulder immobiliser after reduction for 2-3 weeks 3. Physical therapy

Question 43

Which ligament is injured anterior's shoulder dislocation.

Answer 43

Anterior glenohumeral ligament