DIT Rapid Fire Facts Flashcards
(327 cards)
1
Q
Most common cause of neural tube defects
A
Folate deficiency
2
Q
Most common cause of congenital malformatins in the US
A
Alcohol use during pregnancy
3
Q
Most common cause of congenital mental retardation in the US
A
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
4
Q
Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
A
Marfan Syndrome
5
Q
Hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
A
Alport Syndrome
6
Q
Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead
A
Bell’s Palsy
7
Q
Ptosis, miosis, & anhidrosis
A
Horner’s Syndrome
8
Q
Amyloid deposits in gray matter of brain
A
Senile plaques (Alzheimer’s Disease)
9
Q
Drooling farmer
A
Organophosphates (Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning)
10
Q
Inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance
A
Sheehan Syndrome
11
Q
Infertility, galactorrhea, bitemporal hemianopsia, low libido, amenorrhea
A
Prolactinoma
12
Q
Most common tumor of the adrenal
A
Adrenal Adenoma
13
Q
Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
A
Pheochromocytoma
14
Q
Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
A
Neuroblastoma
15
Q
Most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
A
Adrenal Adenoma (hyperplasia)
16
Q
Medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism
A
Spironolactone
17
Q
Pheochromocytoma, Medullary thyroid cancer, & hyperParathyroidism
A
MEN-2A
18
Q
Pheochromocytoma, Medullary thyroid cancer, & Mucosal neuromas
A
MEN-2B
19
Q
Adrenal disease associated with skin hyperpigmentation
A
Addison disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)
20
Q
HTN, Hypokalemia, & Metabolic alkalosis
A
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
21
Q
Most comon thyroid cancer
A
Papillary Carcinoma
22
Q
Cold intolerance
A
Hypothyroidism
23
Q
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
A
Orphan Annie eyes seen in Papillary Carcinoma
24
Q
Most common infections seen in chronic granulomatous disease
A
Catalase + organisms (Staph. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus, Klebsiella, & Candida)
25
Eczema, recurrent URI, high serum IgE
Job's Syndrome/Hyper-IgE Syndrome (can also describe Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, but more likely truncal eczema)
26
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
27
Protease inhibitors ("Navir (never) tease a protease")
Lopinavir, Atazanavir, Darunavir, Fosamprenavir, Saquinavir, Ritonavir, Indinavir
28
Protease inhibitors class side effects:
GI intolerance, Inhibit CYP450, Hyperlipidemia/ hypertriglyceridemia, Lipodystrophy
29
ASE: Pancreatitis
Ritonavir side effect
30
ASE: Nephrolithiasis
Ritonavir side effect
31
ASE: Hyperbilirubinemia, prolonged PR interval, jaundice
Atazanavir side effect
32
NRTIs ("Have you dined (vudine) with my nuclear (nucleosides) family?"):
Emtricitabine (FTC), Lamivudine (3TC), Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT), Didanosine (ddI), Stavudine (d4T), Abacavir
33
NRTIs must be activated by
Phosphorylation by thymidine kinase
34
NRTI class side effects
Lactic acidosis (except Abacavir)
35
ASE: Pancreatitis, Peripheral neuropathy, Hepatic Steatosis
Didanosine (esp. for pancreatitis & peripheral neuropathy), Stavuidine, Zalcitabine
36
ASE: Bone marrow suppression, Megaloblastic anemia
Zidovudine
37
Given to pregnant women w/ HIV
Used to be Zidovudine (now HAART)
38
Regimen for occupational HIV exposures
Zidovudine + Lamivudine (and maybe a 3rd med too)
39
NtRTI:
Tenofovir (TDF) - doesn't require activation
40
NNRTIs (non-competitive) (-virine, -virapine, and -virenz, -virdine):
Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delaviridine, Etravirine, Rilpivirine
41
NNRTI class side effects (& Abacavir)
Rash
42
ASE: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (nightmares, vivid dreams, worsening depression), False-positive marijuana (cannabinoid) drug test), Teratogenic
Efavirenz
43
Integrase inhibitors:
Raltegravir, Elvategravir
44
Integrase inhibitors class side effects:
Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperlipidemia, Pancreatitis, Hepatotoxicity
45
Drugs that interfere with HIV envelope proteins:
gp41 - Enfuviritide (fusion inhibitor); gp120 - Maraviroc (blocks CCR-5 receptor on macrophages & T-cells
46
Dysphagia, glossitis, and iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
47
Hematemesis with vomiting
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
48
Specialized columnar epithelium/goblet cells on biopsy from distal esophagus
Barrett's esophagus
49
Bx of pt. with esophagitis shows large pink intranuclear inclusions & host cell chromatin that is pushed to edge of the nucleus
Herpes Simplex Virus
50
Bx of pt. with esophagitis shows enlarged cells, intranuclear & cytoplasmic inclusions, and a clear perinuclear halo
CMV
51
Esophageal bx reveals lack of ganglion cells between inner and outer muscular layers
Achalasia
52
Bx of mass in parotid gland reveals double layer of columnar epithelial cells resting on dense lymphoid stroma
Warthin's tumor
53
Protrusion of mucosa in the upper esophagus
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
54
Outpouching of all layers of esophagus just above the LES
Epiphrenic diverticulum
55
Basal cell hyperplasia, eosinophilia, and elongation of lamina propria papilla seen in biopsy of esophagus
Chronic reflux esophagus
56
A PAS stain on bx obtained from pt. with esophagitis reveals hyphate organisms
Candida esophagitis
57
Esophageal pouch found in upper esophagus
Zenker's diverticulum
58
Painless jaundice
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (esp. at head of pancreas)
59
Most common cause of acute pancreatitis
Gallstones & Alcohol
60
Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
Alcohol abuse
61
Standard treatment for DKA
I.V. fluids, I.V. insulin, and K+
62
Standard treatment for Type 1 DM
Insulin and low-sugar diet
63
Standard treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Weight reduction (exercise), low sugar diet, oral hypoglycemic drugs (Metformin), possibly insulin
64
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, lymphadenopathy, and hyperpigmentation
Whipple's disease
65
Anti-transglutaminase/ anti-gliadin/ anti-endomysial antibodies
Celiac sprue
66
Vitamin given to pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects
Folic acid
67
Total or subtotal atrophy of small bowel villi, plasma cells & lymphocyte infiltration into the lamina propria and epithelium, and hyperplasia/elongation of crypts
Celiac sprue
68
Triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes
Fatty Liver Disease
69
Eosinophilic inclusions in cytoplasm of hepatocytes
Mallory bodies
70
Cancer closely linked to cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
71
Severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate
Crigler-Najjar Type 1
72
Mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert Syndrome
73
Treatment for chronic hepatitis
Interferon-alpha (IFN-a)
74
Preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation
Heparin or LMWH
75
Preferred anticoagulant for long-term anticoagulation
Warfarin
76
Preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy
Heparin or LMWH
77
A boy with self-mutilating behavior, mental retardation, and gout
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome = HGPRT deficiency
78
Elevated uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, Tumor-lysis syndrome, Loop or thiazide diuretics, Cyclosporine, Pyrazinamide, Niacin
79
Bluish-colored lines on the gingivae
Burton's lines in Lead poisoning
80
Causes of hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency, Thalassemias, Lead poisoning, Sideroblastic anemia (defect in heme synthesis), beginning of Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD)
81
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic Anemia from B12 or folate deficiency or orotic aciduria
82
Skull x-ray shows a "hair-on-end" appearance
Beta-Thalassemia Major
83
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
Lead poisoning
84
Painful cyanosis of fingers and toes, w/ hemolytic anemia
Cold Agglutinins (IgM)
85
Red urine in the morning, and fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hematuria (PNH)
86
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly Bodies (seen after splenectomy)
87
Autosplenectomy
Sickle Cell Disease
88
Drug used to treat Sickle Cell Disease
Hydroxyurea (↑ production of HbF)
89
Antiplatelet antibodies
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
90
Bleeding disorder with GP Ib deficiency
Bernard-Soulier Disease
91
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
von Willebrand Disease
92
Cancer most commonly associated with a noninfectious fever
Hodgkin Lymphoma
93
Smudge cells
CLL
94
Punched out lytic bone lesions
Multiple Myeloma
95
Sheets of lymphoid cells, with a "starry sky" appearance
Burkitt's Lymphoma
96
RBCs clumped together like a stack of coins
Rouleaux formation seen in Multiple Myeloma
97
Monoclonal antibody spike
MGUS, Multiple Myeloma, or Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
98
Reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
Auer rods of Myeloperoxidase seen in APL, a form of AML
99
Large B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominent "owl's eye inclusions"
Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's Lymphoma
100
Treatment of choice for rickets or osteomalacia
Vitamin D
101
Swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous membranes, and spots on the skin
Scurvy = vitamin C/ascorbic acid deficiency
102
Most common vitamin deficiency in US
Folate deficiency
103
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic Anemia due to B12 or folate deficiency or orotic aciduria
104
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy
Beri-Beri, thiamine deficiency
105
Most common cancer of the appendix
Carcinoid Tumor
106
Most common surgical emergency
Appendicitis
107
GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
108
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors
Gardner's Syndrome
109
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
McBurney's sign (Appendicitis)
110
Apple core lesion on barium enema
Colorectal Cancer
111
Most common site of colonic diverticula
Sigmoid colon
112
String sign on contrast X-ray
Crohn's Disease
113
Lead pipe appearance of colon on contrast x-ray
Ulcerative Colitis
114
Food poisoning due to exotoxin
Staph. aureus, Bacillus cereus
115
Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Disease
Salmonella
116
Diarrhea caused by Gram negative nonmotile organism that does not ferment lactose
Shigella
117
Diarrhea caused by an S-shaped organism
Campylobacter jejuni
118
Diarrhea transmitted by pet feces
Yersinia enterocolitica
119
Diarrhea caused by Gram negative motile organism that does not ferment lactose
Salmonella
120
Most common cause of "traveler's diarrhea"
ETEC
121
Diarrhea after a course of antibiotics
Clostridium difficile
122
Diarrhea caused by Gram negative lactose-fermenting bacteria, no fever
E. coli (esp. ETEC, EPEC)
123
Diarrhea caused by Gram negative comma-shaped organism, no fever
Vibrio cholerae (rice-water stools)
124
Diarrhea + recent ingestion of water from a stream
Giardia lamblia or Entamoeba histolytica
125
Food poisoning from undercooked hamburger meat
EHEC O157:H7
126
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in HIV patient
Toxoplasma gondii
127
Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole for pt. and partner
128
Most common protozoal diarrhea
Giardia lamblia
129
Most common helminth infection in the US
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
130
2nd most common helminth infection in the US
Ascaris lumbricoides
131
Sensitivity
People with disease + positive test/ Everyone with the disease = TP/ TP+FN
132
Specificity
(People without disease + negative test)/ (Everyone without the disease) = TN/ (TN+FP)
133
Positive Predictive Value
Probability that a positive test is correct = TP/ TP+FP. Increases with increased prevalence
134
Negative Predictive Value
Probability that a negative test is correct = TN/ TN + FN. Decreases with increased prevalence e.g. during flu season, if someone tests negative for the flu, you may not trust that negative test - it has a low predictive value.
135
Relative Risk
[A/(A+B)] / [C/(C+D)]
136
Odds Ratio
(A/B) / (C/D)
137
Attributable Risk
[A/(A+B)] - [C/(C+D)]
138
Attributable Risk Reduction
[C/(C+D)] - [A/(A+B)]
139
Number Needed to Treat (NNT)
1 / ARR
140
Chronic sinusitis, infertility, and situs inversus
Kartagener Syndrome (dynein arm defect
141
Elevated D-dimers
Pulmonary embolism, DVT, DIC
142
Hypercoagulability, Endothelial damage, & Stasis of blood
Virchow's Triad
143
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
Sarcoidosis
144
Vasculitits and glomerulonephritis
Wegener's Polyangitis
145
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture's
146
Honeycomb lung on X-ray
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
147
Tennis-racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles
Birbeck granules (Langerhan's Histiocytosis
148
Most common bacteria implicated in exotoxin-mediated food poisonings
Staph. aureus, Bacillus cereus
149
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
150
Calcified granuloma in the lung, plus hilar lymphadenopathy
Ghon complex
151
Back pain, fever, night sweats, and weight loss
Pott's Disease (TB in the vertebrae)
152
Standard treatment regimen for TB
RIPE + B6 = Rifampin, Isoniazid (+ B6 to prevent neurotoxicity), Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
153
Standard treatment for T. pallidum
Penicillin G (IV form) or Doxycycline if allergic
154
Cellulitis from a dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
155
A non-painful indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Primary chancre seen in Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
156
Moist, smooth, flat white genital lesion
Condyloma lata, Secondary Syphilis
157
Large bull's eye rash
Erythema chronica migrans - presenting symptom of Lyme Disease from Borrelia burgdorferi
158
Diseases with Belle's Palsy as a Complication:
Lovely Belle Had An STD: Lyme, Herpes zoster, AIDS, Sarcoidosis, Tumors, Diabetes
159
Continuous machinery-like heart murmur
PDA
160
Boot-shaped heart
RVH due to Tetralogy of Fallot (in kid) or due to Pulm. HTN/COPD (in adult)
161
Rib notching
Coarctation of aorta
162
Most common congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
163
Most common congenital cause of early cyanosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
164
Bounding pulses, head bobbing, diastolic murmur
Aortic Regurgitation
165
Most common congenital heart murmur
Mitral Valve Prolapse
166
Chest pain, pericardial friction rub, persistent fever several weeks after MI
Dressler Syndrome
167
Splinter hemorrhages in nailbed
Infective Endocarditis
168
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth's spots
169
Heart valve most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral Valve
170
Heart valve most commonly involved in an I.V. drug user with bacterial endocarditis
Tricuspid Valve
171
Granulomatous nodules in the heart
Aschoff bodies of Rheumatic Heart Disease
172
Most common cardiac tumor in adults
Metastases but Left Atrial Myxoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults
173
Most common primary cardiac tumor in children
Rhabdomyoma
174
Most common cause of constrictive pericarditis
Lupus in US, TB in developing countries
175
Weak pulses in upper extremities
Takayasu Arteritis
176
Necrotizing granulomas of lung and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with Polyangitis i.e. Wegener's
177
Necrotizing immune complex inflammation of visceral/renal vessels
Polyarteritis nodosa, which spares lungs
178
Young male smokers
Buerger Disease
179
Young Asian women
Takayasu Arteritis
180
Infants and young children; involved coronary arteries
Kawasaki disease
181
Most common vasculitis
Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis
182
Associated with hepatitis B infection
Polyarteritis nodosa (spares lungs)
183
Occlusion of ophthalmic artery can lead to blindness
Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis
184
Perforation of nasal septum
Granulomatosis with Polyangitis i.e. Wegener's
185
Unilateral headache, jaw claudication
Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis
186
Benign, raised, red lesion about the size of a mole in older patients
Cherry hemangioma
187
Raised, red area present at birth, increases in size initially then regresses over months to years
Strawberry hemangioma
188
Lesion caused by lymphoangiogenic growth factors in an infected HIV pt.
Kaposi Sarcoma
189
Polypoid red lesion found in pregnancy or after trauma
Pyogenic granuloma
190
Benign, painful, red-blue tumor under fingernails
Glomus tumor
191
Cavernous lymphangioma a/w Turner Syndrome
Cystic hygroma
192
Skin papule in AIDS pt. caused by Bartonella
Bacillary angiomatosis
193
Cold, painful digits
Raynaud's Phenomenon
194
c-ANCA
PR3 - Wegener's
195
p-ANCA
MPO - Microscopic Polyangitis & Churg-Strauss
196
Treatment for Buerger disease
Smoking cessation
197
Treatment for temporal arteritis
High-dose corticosteroids
198
Worst headache of my life
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
199
Lucid interval following head trauma
Epidural hematoma
200
Bloody CSF on Lumbar Puncture
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
201
Most common cause of subdural hematoma
Rupture of bridging veins
202
Most common cause of epidural hematoma
Rupture of middle meningeal artery, a branch of the maxillary artery, which is one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery.
203
Toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument
Positive Babinski sign
204
Hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, and positive Babinski sign
UMN Lesion
205
Hyporeflexia, decreased muscle tone, and muscle atrophy
LMN Lesion
206
Depigmentation of the substantia nigra
Parkinson's Disease
207
Chorea, dementia, and atrophy of the caudate and putamen
Huntington's Disease
208
Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of neurons
Lewy bodies
209
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
Intranuclear Ophthalmoplegia i.e. MLF Syndrome
210
Degeneration of the dorsal columns
Tabes dorsalis
211
Demyelinating disease in a young woman
Multiple Sclerosis
212
Mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
213
Newborn with arm paralysis following a difficult labor
Erb-Duchenne Palsy
214
Bone enlargement, bone pain, and arthritis
Paget Disease of Bone
215
Vertebral compression fractures
Osteoporosis
216
Most common cause of hypercalcemia
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
217
Most common cause of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid adenoma
218
Most common cause of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Chronic renal failure (hypocalcemia)
219
Most common cause of Hypoparathyroidism
Parathyroidectomy
220
Facial muscle spasm when tapping on the cheek
Chvostek's sign, a sign of hypocalcemia
221
Parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary tumors
MEN 1 Syndrome
222
Positive Anterior Drawer Sign
ACL Injury
223
Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
Gout
224
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis
225
Swollen, boggy, painful finger joints
Rheumatoid Arthritis
226
Arthritis, dry mouth, dry eyes
Sjogren's Syndrome
227
Positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals
Calcium pyrophosphate crystals seen in Pseudogout
228
Negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals
Monosodium urate crystals seen in Gout
229
Cartilage erosion with polished bone underneath
Eburnation seen in Osteoarthritis
230
Bamboo spine on X-ray
Ankylosing Spondylitis
231
HLA-B27
Seronegative Arthritis = Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, Reactive (Reiter's) Arthritis
232
Anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies
Lupus
233
Anti-histone antibodies
Drug-induced Lupus from SHIPP - Sulfonamides, Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide, Phenytoin
234
Anti-centromere antibodies
CREST Syndrome
235
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies (Anti-Scl70)
Systemic Scleroderma
236
Facial rash & Raynaud phenomenon in a young woman
SLE (Lupus)
237
Most common cause of death in SLE
Lupus Nephritis
238
Most common cardiac manifestation in SLE
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
239
Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
240
Most common malignant skin tumor
Basal cell carcinoma
241
Most common opportunistic infection in HIV infection
Pneumocystis jirovecii
242
Prophylaxis for Cryptococus in AIDS patients
Fluconazole
243
Prophylaxis for PCP in AIDS patients
TMP-SMX when CD4+ count <200
244
Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
Potassium iodide, Itraconazole
245
Treatment for oral candidiasis
Nystatin, Fluconazole
246
Treatment for systemic candidiasis
Amphotericin B
247
Pupil that accommodates but does not react to light
Argyll-Robertson pupil in tertiary Syphilis
248
Most common medication for ADHD
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) or Dextroamphetamine (Adderall) --> increase presynaptic release of Norepinephrine
249
Most common medication for bulimia nervosa
Fluoxetine (SNRI)
250
Medical treatment for alcohol withdrawal
Benzodiazepines
251
Most effective treatment for alcohol abuse
Alcoholics Anonymous
252
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Wernicke encephalopathy
253
Treatment for absence seizures
Ethosuxamide
254
Treatment for Tonic-Clonic seizures
Phenytoin, Valproic acid, Carbamazepine
255
Treatment for central DI
Desmopressin
256
Treatment for nephrogenic DI
Hydrochlorothiazide, Indomethacin, Amiloride
257
Treatment for lithium-induced nephrogenic DI
Amiloride, a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks the ENaC channel through which Lithium enters the principal cell
258
Nodular hyaline deposits in the glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules in Diabetic Nephropathy
259
Glomerulonephritis plus pulmonary vasculitis
Granulomatosis with Polyangitis i.e. Wegener's or Goodpasture's Syndrome - Both cause Rapidly Progressive Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
260
Red cell casts
Glomerulonephritis
261
Waxy casts
Chronic Renal Failure
262
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis
263
Most common renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
264
Most common type of renal stone
Calcium
265
Type of renal stone associated with Proteus vulgaris/mirabilis
Renal staghorn calculi - urease in bacteria causes ammonium magnesium phosphate stones/ struvite
266
Most common tumor of urinary tract
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
267
Most common renal malignancy of early childhood
Wilms Tumor
268
Fever + rash + hematuria + eosinophilia
Acute Interstitial Nephritis, drug-induced
269
Cancer associated with Schistosoma haematobium, where it's found, how to treat
Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder, found in Egypt, treat with Praziquantel (1 dose annually)
270
Most common medication used for UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
271
Most common bacteria in pt. with struvite kidney stones
Proteus/Staph/Klebsiella
272
Dark purple nodules seen in an HIV pt.
Kaposi Sarcoma from HHV-8
273
Temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1 encephalitis
274
Owl's eye inclusions in monocytes
CMV
275
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplets
Cowdry A inclusions seen in HSV, VZV, and CMV
276
Aplastic anemia in a Sickle Cell pt.
Parvovirus B-19
277
Child with a fever and "slapped cheek" rash on the face that spreads to the body
Parvovirus B-19
278
Fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, and diffuse rash
Measles - Rubeola, a paramyxovirus
279
Small irregular blue-gray spots on the buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red
Koplik Spots seen in Rubeola Measles
280
Most common etiology of nosocomial pneumonia
Staphylcoccus, Klebsiella
281
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in neonates
GBS, E. coli, Listeria
282
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in children
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis
283
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in adults
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis
284
Osteomyelitis in IV drug user
Pseudomonas (more commonly it's Staph. aureus)
285
Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Disease
Salmonella
286
Most common reportable STD
Chlamydia
287
Non-painful indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Syphilis chancre
288
Painful indurated, ulcerated genital lesion with exudate
Chancroid from Haemophilus ducreyi or possibly HSV-2
289
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells on a wet prep of vaginal discharge
Clue cells in Bacterial Vaginosis
290
Common treatment for syphilis
Penicillin G (IV form) or Doxycycline if allergic
291
Common treatment for Trichomonas
Metronidazole for pt. and partner
292
Common treatment for Chlamydia
Azithromycin
293
Common treatment for Gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
294
Most common cancer in men
Prostate adenocarcinoma
295
Most common cause of urinary obstruction in men
BPH
296
Most common treatment for erectile dysfunction
Sildenafil
297
Dysplastic cervical cells, with enlarged, dark nuclei
Koilocytes, indicate HPV infection
298
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure in utero
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of vagina
299
Most common tumor in women
Leiomyoma
300
Most common gynecologic malignancy in US
Endometrial carcinoma
301
Most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide
Cervical cancer
302
Chocolate cyst on the ovary
Endometriosis
303
Most common benign ovarian tumor
Serous cystadenoma
304
Most common malignant ovarian tumor
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
305
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies in Granulosa cell tumor
306
Produces AFP
Yolk Sac tumor i.e. Endodermal sinus tumor
307
Estrogen-secreting, leading to precocious puberty
Granulosa-theca cell tumor
308
Intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
309
Testosterone-secreting, leading to virilization
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
310
Psammoma bodies
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
311
Multiple different tissue types
Teratoma
312
Lined with fallopian tube-like epithelium
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
313
Ovarian tumor + ascites + hydrothorax
Meigs syndrome seen in Ovarian Fibroma
314
Call-Exner bodies
Granulosa-theca cell tumor
315
Resembles bladder epithelium
Brenner tumor
316
Elevated B-hCG
Choriocarcinoma, Dysgerminoma, and Hydatidiform mole
317
Increased AFP on amniocentesis
Neural tube defect, Anencephaly, Incorrect dating of pregnancy
318
Most common genetic cause of mental retardation
Down Syndrome
319
2nd most common genetic cause of mental retardation
Fragile X Syndrome
320
Horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, and cystic hygroma
Turner Syndrome (XO)
321
Rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, micrognathia w/ prominent occiput & small jaw
Trisomy 18 - Edward Syndrome
322
Most common cancer in women in the US
Breast cancer
323
Most common benign breast tumor
Fibroadenoma
324
Most common malignant breast tumor
Infiltrative Ductal Adenocarcinoma
325
Blue dome cyst in the breast
Fibrocystic change
326
Treatment for ER+ breast cancer
Tamoxifen
327
Red, itchy, swollen rash on the areola and nipple
Paget Disease of Breast
