First Aid 2014 Rapid Review full Flashcards
(439 cards)
1
Q
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly. Disease/Dx?
A
Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
2
Q
Achilles tendon xanthoma. Disease/Dx?
A
Familial hypercholesterolemia (dec LDL receptor signaling)
3
Q
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC. Disease/Dx?
A
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
4
Q
Anterior “drawer sign” (+). Disease/Dx?
A
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
5
Q
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints. Disease/Dx?
A
Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)
6
Q
Athlete with polycythemia. Disease/Dx?
A
2° to erythropoietin injection
7
Q
Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss. Disease/Dx?
A
Pott disease (vertebral TB)
8
Q
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis. Disease/Dx?
A
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
9
Q
Blue sclera. Disease/Dx?
A
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
10
Q
Bluish line on gingiva. Disease/Dx?
A
Burton line (lead poisoning)
11
Q
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis. Disease/Dx?
A
Paget disease of bone (inc osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
12
Q
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing. Disease/Dx?
A
Aortic regurgitation
13
Q
Butterfly facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female. Disease/Dx?
A
Systemic lupus erythematosus
14
Q
Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma). Disease/Dx?
A
Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
15
Q
Café-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities. Disease/Dx?
A
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
16
Q
Calf pseudohypertrophy. Disease/Dx?
A
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
17
Q
Cherry-red spots on macula. Disease/Dx?
A
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
18
Q
Chest pain on exertion. Disease/Dx?
A
Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion)
19
Q
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI. Disease/Dx?
A
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
20
Q
Child uses arms to stand up from squat. Disease/Dx?
A
Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
21
Q
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body. Disease/Dx?
A
Slapped cheeks (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
22
Q
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration. Disease/Dx?
A
Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
23
Q
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria. Disease/Dx?
A
McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
24
Q
Cold intolerance. Disease/Dx?
A
Hypothyroidism
25
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia. Disease/Dx?
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke])
26
Continuous "machine-like" heart murmur. Disease/Dx?
PDA (close with indomethacin; open or maintain with misoprostol)
27
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition. Disease/Dx?
Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial])
28
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS. Disease/Dx?
Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
29
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation. Disease/Dx?
Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)
30
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea. Disease/Dx?
Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
31
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition. Disease/Dx?
Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)
32
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection. Disease/Dx?
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
33
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis. Disease/Dx?
Sjögren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
34
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia. Disease/Dx?
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
35
Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints. Disease/Dx?
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)
36
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node. Disease/Dx?
Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)
37
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells. Disease/Dx?
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sézary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
38
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping. Disease/Dx?
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
39
Fat, female, forty, and fertile. Disease/Dx?
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
40
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis. Disease/Dx?
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
41
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash. Disease/Dx?
Measles
42
Fever, night sweats, weight loss. Disease/Dx?
B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
43
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis. Disease/Dx?
Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)
44
Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy. Disease/Dx?
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
45
Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea. Disease/Dx?
Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson disease)
46
Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands. Disease/Dx?
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; inc cancer risk, mainly GI)
47
Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms. Disease/Dx?
Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
48
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts. Disease/Dx?
Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)
49
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility. Disease/Dx?
Klüver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
50
Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present. Disease/Dx?
UMN damage
51
Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations. Disease/Dx?
LMN damage
52
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia. Disease/Dx?
Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)
53
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion. Disease/Dx?
Nonpainful: chancre (1° syphilis, Treponema pallidum) Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
54
Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia. Disease/Dx?
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
55
Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration. Disease/Dx?
Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
56
Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly. Disease/Dx?
Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)
57
Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect. Disease/Dx?
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
58
Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder. Disease/Dx?
Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)
59
Large rash with bull's-eye appearance. Disease/Dx?
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
60
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury. Disease/Dx?
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
61
Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells. Disease/Dx?
Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
62
Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time. Disease/Dx?
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
63
Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension. Disease/Dx?
Beck triad of cardiac tamponade
64
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/ supernumerary teeth. Disease/Dx?
Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)
65
Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance. Disease/Dx?
Pompe disease (lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)
66
Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth. Disease/Dx?
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip")
67
No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance. Disease/Dx?
Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)
68
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Disease/Dx?
Multiple sclerosis
69
Oscillating slow/fast breathing. Disease/Dx?
Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or inc intracranial pressure)
70
Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia. Disease/Dx?
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
71
Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes. Disease/Dx?
Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)
72
Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes. Disease/Dx?
Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)
73
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles. Disease/Dx?
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/ microabscesses)
74
Painless jaundice. Disease/Dx?
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
75
Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria. Disease/Dx?
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
76
Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors. Disease/Dx?
MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)
77
Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia. Disease/Dx?
Nephrotic syndrome
78
Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation. Disease/Dx?
Pink puffer (emphysema: centriacinar [smoking], panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency])
79
Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets. Disease/Dx?
Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
80
Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P's). Disease/Dx?
Lichen planus
81
Pupil accommodates but doesn't react. Disease/Dx?
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
82
Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/upper respiratory infection. Disease/Dx?
Guillain-Barré syndrome (acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
83
Rash on palms and soles. Disease/Dx?
Coxsackie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
84
Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE. Disease/Dx?
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
85
Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients. Disease/Dx?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
86
Red "currant jelly" stools. Disease/Dx?
Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (infants)
87
Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola. Disease/Dx?
Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)
88
Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs. Disease/Dx?
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
89
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma. Disease/Dx?
von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
90
Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability. Disease/Dx?
Parkinson disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
91
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers. Disease/Dx?
Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
92
Severe jaundice in neonate. Disease/Dx?
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
93
Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ. Disease/Dx?
Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)
94
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness. Disease/Dx?
McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)
95
Short stature, inc incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia. Disease/Dx?
Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
96
Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility. Disease/Dx?
Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
97
Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue. Disease/Dx?
Addison disease (1° adrenocortical insufficiency causes inc ACTH and inc α-MSH production)
98
Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys. Disease/Dx?
Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)
99
Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white center. Disease/Dx?
Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
100
Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals. Disease/Dx?
Condylomata lata (2° syphilis)
101
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails. Disease/Dx?
Bacterial endocarditis
102
Strawberry tongue. Disease/Dx?
Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
103
Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema. Disease/Dx?
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
104
Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi. Disease/Dx?
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
105
Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae. Disease/Dx?
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
106
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints. Disease/Dx?
Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes])
107
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo). Disease/Dx?
Aortic valve stenosis
108
Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma. Disease/Dx?
MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
109
Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis. Disease/Dx?
MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
110
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape. Disease/Dx?
Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
111
Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead. Disease/Dx?
Facial nerve (LMN CN VII palsy)
112
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male. Disease/Dx?
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
113
Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain). Disease/Dx?
Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
114
Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations. Disease/Dx?
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
115
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy. Disease/Dx?
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
116
Worst headache of my life. Disease/Dx?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
117
Labs: Anticentromere antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Scleroderma (CREST)
118
Labs: Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
119
Labs: Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
120
Labs: Antihistone antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)
121
Labs: Anti-IgG antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)
122
Labs: Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs). Disease/Dx?
1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
123
Labs: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). Disease/Dx?
Microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
124
Labs: Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA). Disease/Dx?
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
125
Labs: Antiplatelet antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
126
Labs: Anti-topoisomerase antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
127
Labs: Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
128
Labs: "Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
129
Labs: Azurophilic peroxidase, + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts. Disease/Dx?
Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
130
Labs: Bacitracin response. Disease/Dx?
Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
131
Labs: "Bamboo spine" on x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
132
Labs: Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs. Disease/Dx?
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
133
Labs: Basophilic stippling of RBCs. Disease/Dx?
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
134
Labs: Bloody tap on LP. Disease/Dx?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
135
Labs: "Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
136
Labs: Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules. Disease/Dx?
Actinomyces israelii
137
Labs: Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging. Disease/Dx?
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)
138
Labs: "Brown" tumor of bone. Disease/Dx?
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
139
Labs: Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy. Disease/Dx?
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
140
Labs: Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule. Disease/Dx?
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
141
Labs: "Chocolate cyst" of ovary. Disease/Dx?
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
142
Labs: Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale. Disease/Dx?
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, neurofibrils retinoblastoma)
143
Labs: Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs. Disease/Dx?
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene --> fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
144
Labs: Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum. Disease/Dx?
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
145
Labs: Degeneration of dorsal column nerves. Disease/Dx?
Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
146
Labs: Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra. Disease/Dx?
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
147
Labs: Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum. Disease/Dx?
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
148
Labs: Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid. Disease/Dx?
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
149
Labs: Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement. Disease/Dx?
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer) and hyperchromasia
150
Labs: Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies. Disease/Dx?
Owl eye appearance of CMV
151
Labs: Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei. Disease/Dx?
Orphan Annie eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
152
Labs: Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell. Disease/Dx?
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
153
Labs: Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell. Disease/Dx?
Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
154
Labs: Eosinophilic globule in liver. Disease/Dx?
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
155
Labs: Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells. Disease/Dx?
Negri bodies of rabies
156
Labs: Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain. Disease/Dx?
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
157
Labs: Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye"). Disease/Dx?
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
158
Labs: Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells. Disease/Dx?
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
159
Labs: "Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray. Disease/Dx?
β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
160
Labs: hCG elevated. Disease/Dx?
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
161
Labs: Heart nodules (granulomatous). Disease/Dx?
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
162
Labs: Heterophile antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
163
Labs: Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions. Disease/Dx?
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
164
Labs: High level of D-dimers. Disease/Dx?
DVT, PE, DIC
165
Labs: Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify). Disease/Dx?
Ghon complex (1° TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
166
Labs: "Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT. Disease/Dx?
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
167
Labs: Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis). Disease/Dx?
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
168
Labs: Hypersegmented neutrophils. Disease/Dx?
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
169
Labs: Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis. Disease/Dx?
Conn syndrome
170
Labs: Hypochromic, microcytic anemia. Disease/Dx?
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
171
Labs: Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum. Disease/Dx?
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
172
Labs: Increased uric acid levels. Disease/Dx?
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
173
Labs: Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies. Disease/Dx?
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
174
Labs: Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum. Disease/Dx?
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: inc chance of mesothelioma)
175
Labs: Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy. Disease/Dx?
Squamous cell carcinoma
176
Labs: Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency. Disease/Dx?
Chédiak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
177
Labs: "Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
178
Labs: Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement. Disease/Dx?
Goodpasture syndrome membrane
179
Labs: Low serum ceruloplasmin. Disease/Dx?
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
180
Labs: "Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence. Disease/Dx?
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
181
Labs: Lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Multiple myeloma
182
Labs: Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst. Disease/Dx?
Fibrocystic change of the breast
183
Labs: Monoclonal antibody spike. Disease/Dx?
* Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
184
Labs: Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus. Disease/Dx?
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
185
Labs: Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray. Disease/Dx?
String sign (Crohn disease)
186
Labs: Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis. Disease/Dx?
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
187
Labs: Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals. Disease/Dx?
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
188
Labs: Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli. Disease/Dx?
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
189
Labs: Novobiocin response. Disease/Dx?
Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
190
Labs: "Nutmeg" appearance of liver. Disease/Dx?
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
191
Labs: "Onion skin" periosteal reaction. Disease/Dx?
Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
192
Labs: Optochin response. Disease/Dx?
Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci
193
Labs: Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area. Disease/Dx?
Codman triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
194
Labs: Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy. Disease/Dx?
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
195
Labs: Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion. Disease/Dx?
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
196
Labs: Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Disease/Dx?
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
197
Labs: Psammoma bodies. Disease/Dx?
Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
198
Labs: Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy. Disease/Dx?
Glioblastoma multiforme
199
Labs: RBC casts in urine. Disease/Dx?
Acute glomerulonephritis
200
Labs: Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells. Disease/Dx?
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
201
Labs: Renal epithelial casts in urine. Disease/Dx?
Acute toxic/viral renal injury
202
Labs: Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent. Disease/Dx?
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
203
Labs: Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS. Disease/Dx?
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
204
Labs: Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology). Disease/Dx?
Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
205
Labs: Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons. Disease/Dx?
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
206
Labs: "Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
207
Labs: "Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits. Disease/Dx?
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
208
Labs: Stacks of RBCs. Disease/Dx?
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
209
Labs: Stippled vaginal epithelial cells. Disease/Dx?
Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)
210
Labs: "Tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells. Disease/Dx?
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
211
Labs: Thrombi made of white/red layers. Disease/Dx?
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
212
Labs: "Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
213
Labs: Thyroid-like appearance of kidney. Disease/Dx?
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
214
Labs: "Tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy. Disease/Dx?
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
215
Labs: Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles. Disease/Dx?
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
216
Labs: "Waxy" casts with very low urine flow. Disease/Dx?
Chronic end-stage renal disease
217
Labs: WBC casts in urine. Disease/Dx?
Acute pyelonephritis
218
Labs: WBCs that look "smudged". Disease/Dx?
CLL (almost always B cell)
219
Labs: "Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy. Disease/Dx?
Lupus nephropathy
220
Labs: Yellowish CSF. Disease/Dx?
Xanthochromia (e.g., due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
221
Condition: Absence seizures. Tx?
Ethosuximide
222
Condition: Acute gout attack. Tx?
NSAIDs, colchicine
223
Condition: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3). Tx?
All-trans retinoic acid
224
Condition: ADHD. Tx?
Methylphenidate, amphetamines
225
Condition: Alcohol use disorder. Tx?
AA + disulfiram, naltrexone, or acamprosate for patient. Al-Anon for patient's family
226
Condition: Alcohol withdrawal. Tx?
Benzodiazepines
227
Condition: Anorexia. Tx?
Nutrition, psychotherapy
228
Condition: Anticoagulation during pregnancy. Tx?
Heparin
229
Condition: Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue. Tx?
Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)
230
Condition: Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Tx?
Tamsulosin, finasteride
231
Condition: Bipolar disorder. Tx?
Lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine (mood stabilizers)
232
Condition: Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman. Tx?
Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)
233
Condition: Buerger disease. Tx?
Smoking cessation
234
Condition: Bulimia nervosa. Tx?
SSRIs
235
Condition: Candida albicans. Tx?
Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush), azoles (vaginitis)
236
Condition: Carcinoid syndrome. Tx?
Octreotide
237
Condition: Chlamydia trachomatis. Tx?
Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)
238
Condition: Chronic gout. Tx?
Probenecid (underexcretor), allopurinol (overproducer), febuxostat
239
Condition: Chronic hepatitis. Tx?
IFN-α
240
Condition: Chronic myelogenous leukemia. Tx?
Imatinib
241
Condition: Clostridium botulinum. Tx?
Antitoxin
242
Condition: Clostridium difficile. Tx?
Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin
243
Condition: Clostridium tetani. Tx?
Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam
244
Condition: CMV. Tx?
Ganciclovir
245
Condition: Crohn disease. Tx?
Corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine
246
Condition: Cryptococcus neoformans. Tx?
Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)
247
Condition: Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Tx?
Mesna
248
Condition: Depression. Tx?
SSRIs (first-line)
249
Condition: Diabetes insipidus. Tx?
DDAVP (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)
250
Condition: Diabetes mellitus type 1. Tx?
Dietary intervention (low sugar) + insulin replacement
251
Condition: Diabetes mellitus type 2. Tx?
Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)
252
Condition: Diabetic ketoacidosis. Tx?
Fluids, insulin, K+
253
Condition: Enterococci. Tx?
Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside
254
Condition: Erectile dysfunction. Tx?
Sildenafil, vardenafil
255
Condition: ER+ breast cancer. Tx?
Tamoxifen
256
Condition: Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication. Tx?
Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
257
Condition: Haemophilus influenzae (B). Tx?
Rifampin (prophylaxis)
258
Condition: Generalized anxiety disorder. Tx?
Buspirone
259
Condition: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener). Tx?
Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
260
Condition: Heparin toxicity (acute). Tx?
Protamine sulfate
261
Condition: HER2/neu+ breast cancer. Tx?
Trastuzumab
262
Condition: Hyperaldosteronism. Tx?
Spironolactone
263
Condition: Hypercholesterolemia. Tx?
Statin (first-line)
264
Condition: Hypertriglyceridemia. Tx?
Fibrate
265
Condition: Immediate anticoagulation. Tx?
Heparin
266
Condition: Infertility. Tx?
Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene
267
Condition: Influenza. Tx?
Rimantadine, oseltamivir
268
Condition: Legionella pneumophila. Tx?
Erythromycin
269
Condition: Long-term anticoagulation. Tx?
Warfarin
270
Condition: Malaria. Tx?
Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
271
Condition: Malignant hyperthermia. Tx?
Dantrolene
272
Condition: Medical abortion. Tx?
Mifepristone
273
Condition: Migraine. Tx?
Sumatriptan
274
Condition: MRSA. Tx?
Vancomycin
275
Condition: Multiple sclerosis. Tx?
β-interferon, immunosuppression, natalizumab
276
Condition: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tx?
RIPE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)
277
Condition: Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Tx?
Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)
278
Condition: Neisseria meningitidis. Tx?
Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)
279
Condition: Osteomalacia/rickets. Tx?
Vitamin D supplementation
280
Condition: Osteoporosis. Tx?
Bisphosphonates; calcium and vitamin D supplementation
281
Condition: Patent ductus arteriosus. Tx?
Indomethacin
282
Condition: Pheochromocytoma. Tx?
α-antagonists (e.g., phenoxybenzamine)
283
Condition: Pneumocystis jirovecii. Tx?
TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)
284
Condition: Prolactinoma. Tx?
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)
285
Condition: Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids. Tx?
Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
286
Condition: Prostate carcinoma. Tx?
Flutamide
287
Condition: Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Tx?
Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside
288
Condition: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic). Tx?
Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol
289
Condition: Rickettsia rickettsii. Tx?
Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (associated with aplastic anemia)
290
Condition: Ringworm infections. Tx?
Terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole
291
Condition: Schizophrenia (negative symptoms). Tx?
5-HT2A antagonists (e.g., 2nd-generation antipsychotics)
292
Condition: Schizophrenia (positive symptoms). Tx?
D2 receptor antagonists (e.g., 1st- and 2nd-generation antipsychotics)
293
Condition: SIADH. Tx?
Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonists
294
Condition: Sickle cell anemia. Tx?
Hydroxyurea (inc fetal hemoglobin)
295
Condition: Sporothrix schenckii. Tx?
Oral potassium iodide
296
Condition: Stable angina. Tx?
Sublingual nitroglycerin
297
Condition: Staphylococcus aureus. Tx?
MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin
298
Condition: Streptococcus bovis. Tx?
Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis
299
Condition: Streptococcus pneumoniae. Tx?
Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)
300
Condition: Streptococcus pyogenes. Tx?
Penicillin prophylaxis
301
Condition: Temporal arteritis. Tx?
High-dose steroids
302
Condition: Tonic-clonic seizures. Tx?
Phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
303
Condition: Toxoplasma gondii. Tx?
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
304
Condition: Treponema pallidum. Tx?
Penicillin
305
Condition: Trichomonas vaginalis. Tx?
Metronidazole (patient and partner)
306
Condition: Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux). Tx?
Carbamazepine
307
Condition: Ulcerative colitis. Tx?
5-ASA, infliximab, colectomy
308
Condition: UTI prophylaxis. Tx?
TMP-SMX
309
Condition: Warfarin toxicity. Tx?
Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)
310
Actinic (solar) keratosis. Association?
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
311
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury. Association?
Cushing ulcer (inc intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
312
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns. Association?
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
313
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon. Association?
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
314
Aneurysm, dissecting. Association?
Hypertension
315
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta. Association?
Atherosclerosis
316
Aortic aneurysm, arch. Association?
3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
317
Aortic aneurysm, ascending. Association?
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
318
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies. Association?
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
319
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage). Association?
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
320
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer. Association?
H. pylori
321
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly). Association?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
322
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids). Association?
Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/ Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
323
Benign melanocytic nevus. Association?
Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)
324
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency. Association?
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
325
Brain tumor (adults). Association?
Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
326
Brain tumor (kids). Association?
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
327
Breast cancer. Association?
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
328
Breast mass. Association?
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
329
Breast tumor (benign). Association?
Fibroadenoma
330
Cardiac 1° tumor (kids). Association?
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
331
Cardiac manifestation of lupus. Association?
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
332
Cardiac tumor (adults). Association?
Metastasis, 1° myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve")
333
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation. Association?
Chiari II malformation
334
Chronic arrhythmia. Association?
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
335
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune). Association?
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
336
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Association?
DES exposure in utero
337
Compression fracture. Association?
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
338
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension. Association?
21-hydroxylase deficiency
339
Congenital cardiac anomaly. Association?
VSD
340
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver). Association?
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
341
Constrictive pericarditis. Association?
TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)
342
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis. Association?
LAD > RCA > LCA
343
Cretinism. Association?
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
344
Cushing syndrome. Association?
* Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)
345
Cyanosis (early; less common). Association?
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
346
Cyanosis (late; more common). Association?
VSD, ASD, PDA
347
Death in CML. Association?
Blast crisis
348
Death in SLE. Association?
Lupus nephropathy
349
Dementia. Association?
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts
350
Demyelinating disease in young women. Association?
Multiple sclerosis
351
DIC. Association?
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
352
Dietary deficit. Association?
Iron
353
Diverticulum in pharynx. Association?
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
354
Ejection click. Association?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
355
Esophageal cancer. Association?
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
356
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated). Association?
S. aureus, B. cereus
357
Glomerulonephritis (adults). Association?
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
358
Gynecologic malignancy. Association?
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
359
Heart murmur, congenital. Association?
Mitral valve prolapse
360
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis. Association?
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
361
Helminth infection (U.S.). Association?
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
362
Hematoma—epidural. Association?
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
363
Hematoma—subdural. Association?
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
364
Hemochromatosis. Association?
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
365
Hepatocellular carcinoma. Association?
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
366
Hereditary bleeding disorder. Association?
von Willebrand disease
367
Hereditary harmless jaundice. Association?
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
368
HLA-B27. Association?
Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
369
HLA-DR3 or -DR4. Association?
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
370
Holosystolic murmur. Association?
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
371
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis. Association?
Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)
372
Hypertension, 2°. Association?
Renal disease
373
Hypoparathyroidism. Association?
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
374
Hypopituitarism. Association?
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
375
Infection 2° to blood transfusion. Association?
Hepatitis C
376
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease. Association?
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase+)
377
Intellectual disability. Association?
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
378
Kidney stones. Association?
Calcium = radiopaque
379
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left). Association?
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
380
Liver disease. Association?
Alcoholic cirrhosis
381
Lysosomal storage disease. Association?
Gaucher disease
382
Male cancer. Association?
Prostatic carcinoma
383
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever. Association?
Hodgkin lymphoma
384
Malignancy (kids). Association?
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
385
Metastases to bone. Association?
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
386
Metastases to brain. Association?
Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI
387
Metastases to liver. Association?
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
388
Mitochondrial inheritance. Association?
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
389
Mitral valve stenosis. Association?
Rheumatic heart disease
390
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease. Association?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
391
Myocarditis. Association?
Coxsackie B
392
Nephrotic syndrome (adults). Association?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
393
Nephrotic syndrome (kids). Association?
Minimal change disease
394
Neuron migration failure. Association?
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
395
Nosocomial pneumonia. Association?
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
396
Obstruction of male urinary tract. Association?
BPH
397
Opportunistic infection in AIDS. Association?
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
398
Osteomyelitis. Association?
S. aureus
399
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease. Association?
Salmonella
400
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use. Association?
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
401
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer. Association?
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
402
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral). Association?
Serous cystadenoma
403
Ovarian tumor (malignant). Association?
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
404
Pancreatitis (acute). Association?
Gallstones, alcohol
405
Pancreatitis (chronic). Association?
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
406
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML (ages). Association?
ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult ~65, CML: adult 30-60
407
Pelvic inflammatory disease. Association?
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
408
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl). Association?
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
409
Pituitary tumor. Association?
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
410
1° amenorrhea. Association?
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
411
1° bone tumor (adults). Association?
Multiple myeloma
412
1° hyperaldosteronism. Association?
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
413
1° hyperparathyroidism. Association?
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
414
1° liver cancer. Association?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency)
415
Pulmonary hypertension. Association?
COPD
416
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels. Association?
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco) in extremities
417
Renal tumor. Association?
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
418
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause. Association?
Cor pulmonale
419
S3 (protodiastolic gallop). Association?
inc ventricular filling (left-to-right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
420
S4 (presystolic gallop). Association?
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
421
2° hyperparathyroidism. Association?
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
422
Sexually transmitted disease. Association?
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
423
SIADH. Association?
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
424
Site of diverticula. Association?
Sigmoid colon
425
Sites of atherosclerosis. Association?
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
426
Stomach cancer. Association?
Adenocarcinoma
427
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels. Association?
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
428
Temporal arteritis. Association?
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
429
Testicular tumor. Association?
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
430
Thyroid cancer. Association?
Papillary carcinoma
431
Tumor in women. Association?
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
432
Tumor of infancy. Association?
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
433
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults). Association?
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
434
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids). Association?
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
435
Type of Hodgkin. Association?
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
436
Type of non-Hodgkin. Association?
Diffuse large cell
437
UTI. Association?
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
438
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe. Association?
HSV-1
439
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.). Association?
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
