First Aid 2014 Rapid Review Classic Presentations Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
A
Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
2
Q
Achilles tendon xanthoma
A
Familial hyperholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signalling)
3
Q
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
A
Waterhouse-Friderichson syndrome (meningococcemia)
4
Q
Anterior drawer sign +
A
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
5
Q
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
A
Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)
6
Q
Athlete with polycythemia
A
Secondary to EPO injection
7
Q
Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
A
Pott disease (vertebral TB)
8
Q
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
A
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granuloma)
9
Q
Blue sclera
A
Osteogenesis imperfects (Type I collagen defect)
10
Q
Bluish line on gingiva
A
Lead poisoning (Burton line)
11
Q
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
A
Paget disease of bone (osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
12
Q
Bounding pulses, diastolic <3 murmur, head bobbing
A
Aortic regurgitation
13
Q
Butterfly facial rash, and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female
A
Systemic lupus erythmatosus
14
Q
Cafe au lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
A
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (+pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
15
Q
Cafe au lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities
A
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
16
Q
Calf pseudohypertrophy
A
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne); X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene)
17
Q
Cherry red spots on macula
A
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation), Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
18
Q
Chest pain on exertion
A
Angina: Stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion
19
Q
Chest pain, pericardial effusion, friction rub, persistent fever following MI
A
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
20
Q
Child uses arms to stand up from squat
A
Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
21
Q
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body
A
Slapped cheeks (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
22
Q
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
A
Huntington’s disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
23
Q
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
A
McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency) Type V
24
Q
Cold intolerance
A
Hypothyroidism
25
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [MS], unilateral [stroke]
26
Continuous machine like murmur
PDA (close with indomethacin; open or maintain with misoprostol)
27
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism. Grave's disease [pretibial]
28
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS
Kaposi's sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
29
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Kussmaul respirations (DKA)
30
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Pellagra (niacin, B3, deficiency)
31
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
Wet beriberi (thiamine, B1 deficiency)
32
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
Pasturella multocida (cellulitis at innoculation site)
33
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
34
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal SCC)
35
Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
Elhers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)
36
Enlarged hard left supraclavicular node
Virchow node (abdominal mets)
37
Erythroderma, LAD, HSM, atypical T cells
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood
38
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
39
Fat, female, forty, and fertile
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
40
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
41
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
Measles
42
Fever, night sweats, weight loss
B symptoms (staging of lymphoma)
43
Fibrous plaques in the soft tissue of the penis
Peyronie's disease (connective tissue disorder)
44
Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency; X-linked recessive)
45
Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson disease)
46
Hamartomous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
Peutz-Jehgers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increased cancer risk , mainly GI)
47
Hepatomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
Gaucher disease (glucocerebrocidase deficiency)
48
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Alport syndrome (mutation in type IV collagen)
49
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
50
Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present
UMN damage
51
Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations
LMN damage
52
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis); hyperplasia of mucous cells)
53
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Painless: chancre (primary syphilis, Treponema pallidum) Painful + exudate (Haemophilus ducreyi)
54
Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
55
Infant with FTT, HSM, and neurodegeneration
Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
56
Infant with hypoglycemia, FTT, and hepatomegaly
Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease ( glucose-6-phosphate deficiency, more severe)
57
Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural <3 defect
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
58
Jaundice, palpable distended nontender gallbladder
Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of the biliary tree)
59
Large rash with bullseye appearance
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
60
Lucid interval after TBI
Epidermal hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
61
Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
62
Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIbIIIa)
63
Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension
Becks triad of cardiac tamponade
64
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
Gardner's syndrome (subtype of FAP)
65
Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
Pompeii disease (lysosomal alpha-1-4 glucosidase deficiency)
66
Neonate with arm paralysis folllowing difficult birth
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk C5/C6 brachial plexus injury, "waiter's tip")
67
No lactation postpatrum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)
68
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia
MS
69
Oscillating slow/fast breathing
Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased ICP)
70
Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
71
Painful, pale, cold fingers and toes
Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)
72
Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes
Osler nodes (infectious endocarditis, immune complex deposition)
73
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses)
74
Painless jaundice
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing the bile duct
75
Palpable purpura on the buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria
Henoch-Shonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
76
Pancreatic, pituitary, and parathyroid tymors
Multiple endocrine neoplasia 1: autosomal dominant
77
Periorbital and or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia
Nephrotic syndrome
78
Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
Pink puffer (emphysema: centriacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency]
79
Polyuria, RTA type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets
Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
80
Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6Ps)
Lichen planus
81
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
82
Pupil accomodates but doesn't react
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
83
Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/URI
Guillan-Barre syndrome (acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
84
Rash on palms and soles
Coxsackie A, secondary syphilis, RMSF
85
Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
86
Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
Klebsiella pneumoniae
87
Red "currant jelly" stools
Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults)
88
Red itchy swollen rash of the nipple/areola
Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)
89
Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
90
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angomatosis, pheochromocytoma
von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
91
Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
Parkinson disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
92
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
93
Severe jaundice in the neonate
Criggler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
94
Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ
Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)
95
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)
96
Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
97
Single palmar crease
Down syndrome
98
Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
Kartagener's syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
99
Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue
Addison disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency causes increased ACTH and increase alpha MSH production)
100
Slow progressive muscle weakness in boys
Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)
101
Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
102
Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals
Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)
103
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
Bacterial endocarditis
104
Strawberry tongue
Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
105
Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema
Turner syndrome, XO
106
Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
Gout, podagra (hyperuricemia)
107
Swollen gyms, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae
Scurvy, Vitamin C deficiency; can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis
108
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Herberden nodes]
109
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Aortic valve stenosis
110
Thyroid, and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
111
Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
112
Toe extension, fanning upon plantar scrape
Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
113
Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead
Facial nerve (LMN CN VII palsy)
114
Urethritis, conjunctivitisy, arthritis in a male
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
115
Vascular birhtmark (port-wine stain)
Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
116
Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
117
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
118
Worst headache of my life
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
