DIURETICS (EXAM 2) Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

what is the main purpose of a diuretic

A

decrease edema
reduce hypertension

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2
Q

types of diuretics

A

potassium sparing
thiazide and thiazide like
loop
osmotic
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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3
Q

what is the action of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

promote sodium, chloride and water excretion

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4
Q

where do thiazide and thiazide like diuretics act on

A

distal convoluted renal tubule

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5
Q

what is thiazide and thiazide like diuretics used for

A

hypertension
peripheral edema

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6
Q

thiazide and thiazide like diuretics SE/AE

A

dizziness
headache
hypotension
urticaria
hyperglycemia
hyperuricemia
hyperlipidemia

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7
Q

what is urticaria

A

hives and wells on the body

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8
Q

contraindications of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

renal failure

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9
Q

drug interaction thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

digoxin
lithium
antihypertensive

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10
Q

what assessment should be taken as a nurse with thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

check for peripheral edema
assess vitals
weight
lab values

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11
Q

what should you monitor with thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

the patients weight and vitals
urine output

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12
Q

observe s/s of what thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

hypokalemia

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13
Q

when should you advice the patient to take thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

in the early morning
if taken in the night they will experience nocturia

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14
Q

advice the patient to do what when standing
thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

stand slowly because of that dizziness

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15
Q

what is the action of loop diuretics

A

excrete water, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium

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16
Q

where do loop diuretics act on

A

the loop of henle

17
Q

SE/AE loop diuretics

A

hypoglycemia
electrolyte imbalance
dizziness
headaches
cramps
ortho hypotension
hearing loss
photosensitivity

18
Q

loop diuretics observe cues for

A

fluid overload
hypernatremia

19
Q

what should you monitor with loop diuretics

A

vitals
weight
evidence of hypokalemia

20
Q

in the case that IV furosemide is given what is important to note

A

administer slowly
may cause hearing loss

21
Q

what should you monitor with loop diuretics when taking digoxin

A

potassium levels

22
Q

osmotic diuretic use

A

decrease ICP and IOP
promote excretion of toxic substances

23
Q

what is the action of osmotic diuretics

A

increase sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and the loop of henle

24
Q

what do osmotic diuretics excrete

A

sodium
chloride
potassium
water

25
SE/AR of osmotic diuretics
blurred vision fluid and electrolyte imbalance GI distress, acidosis Pulmonary edema tachycardia
26
contraindication of osmotic diuretics
heart disease HF renal failure
27
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors action
block action of enzyme carbonic anhydrase
28
what do Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors excrete
sodium potassium bicarbonate
29
use of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
decrease IOP in patients with open angle chronic glaucoma
30
SE/AR of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
confusion orthostatic hypotension gidistress metabolic acidosis hemolytic anemia crystalluria renal calculi
31
what is the action of potassium sparing diuretics
block aldosterone promote sodium and water excretion promote potassium retention
32
what is potassium sparing diuretics used for
edema HF cirrhosis of liver
33
SE/AR of potassium sparing diuretics
dizziness headache hyperkalemia muscle cramps hyperuremia paresthesia
34
what should you monitor with potassium sparing diuretics
urinary output vitals for abnormal changes s/s hyperkalemia
35
what should you educate the patient about with potassium sparing diuretics
with high potassium levels to avoid high in potassium foods
36
name the potassium sparing diuretics
Spironolactone