NUTRITION AND PERFUSION (EXAM 2)

Question 1

what is the first line of treatment with hypertension

Answer 1

monitor diet

Question 2

consequences of perfusion

Answer 2

loss of tactile sensation
fainting
confusion
DVT
decrease organ function
ischemic pain
tissue necrosis

Question 3

what are the 2 primary forms of lipids

Answer 3

triglycerides
cholesteral

Question 4

function of triglycerides

Answer 4

energy source and stored in fat (adipose tissue)

Question 5

function of cholesterol

Answer 5

make steroid hormones, cell membranes and bile acids

Question 6

what is a lipoprotein

Answer 6

combination of fat and protein

Question 7

HDL

Answer 7

good cholesterol
high density liproprotein

Question 8

LDL

Answer 8

bad cholesterol
low density lipoprotein

Question 9

what does liver also manufactures

Answer 9

cholesterol using acetyl coenzyme A

Question 10

atherosclerosis

Answer 10

buildup of cholesterol in the arteries

Question 11

what can atherosclerosis lead to

Answer 11

coronary heart disease

Question 12

LDL and atherosclerosis

Answer 12

high amounts of LDL adhere to the blood vessels creating a fatty streak. this causes the vessels to narrow restricting blood flow

Question 13

when is the lipid panel drawn

Answer 13

12 hours fast

Question 14

total cholesterol

Answer 14

less than 200mg/dl

Question 15

HDL

Answer 15

greater than 60mg/dl

Question 16

LDL

Answer 16

less than 100mg/dl

Question 17

triglycerides

Answer 17

less than 150mg/dl

Question 18

the primary goal

Answer 18

prevent occurrence of cardiac events in patients with risk factors

Question 19

secondary goal

Answer 19

prevent subsequent cardiac events

Question 20

what are some lifestyle modifications to lower cholesterol levels

Answer 20

diet change
weight change
increase activity level

Question 21

what is a heart healthy diet

Answer 21

lower in saturated fat
high in fiber

Question 22

what is dyslipidemia

Answer 22

elevated fats and cholesterol

Question 23

name some medications used to treat dyslipidemia

Answer 23

there are 4 classes
-hydroxymethylglutayl-coenzyme a (HMG-CoA)

Question 24

name a HMG-CoA Reductase

Answer 24

atorvastatin

Question 25

what is atorvastatin used for

Answer 25

to decrease blood levels of LDL (bad cholesterol)

Question 26

what does atorvastatin do

Answer 26

decrease LDL increase HDL

Question 27

how long does it take to start seeing effect of it

Answer 27

6-8 weeks

Question 28

when should you check back the cholesterol of a pt who has started on atorvastatin

Answer 28

6-8 weeks

Question 29

MOA of atorvastatin

Answer 29

decrease rate of cholesterol production

Question 30

what happens when less cholesterol is produced

Answer 30

the liver increases the number of LDL receptors which takes them out of circulation

Question 31

contraindications

Answer 31

allergy pregnancy hepatic disease

Question 32

patient teaching of atorvastatin

Answer 32

still be on that low cholesterol diet cholesterol panel order every 3-6 months

Question 33

nursing intervention

Answer 33

monitor liver function through liver function test

Question 34

when should cholesterol panels be ordered

Answer 34

every 3-6 months

Question 35

who should you not give atorvastatin to

Answer 35

liver impairment DM alcohol use disorder renal impairment

Question 36

what food to avoid

Answer 36

grapefruit st jhons wort

Question 37

when should you take it

Answer 37

at night or in the late afternoon when the liver is functioning

Question 38

when should you stop taking it

Answer 38

with pancytopenia lack of wbc