DNA Analysis Flashcards
(23 cards)
A molecule that is found in nearly all cells.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
A special type of molecule known as a polymer, a molecule made up of repeating simpler units, called MONOMERS.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
It is located in two regions in a cell: the nucleus and mitochondria.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Found in a geometric shape called a DOUBLE HELIX.
Nuclear DNA
[4] Nucleotides.
[AGCT]
- Adenine
- Guanine
- Cytosine
- Thymine
Within the long strands of DNA are sections called?
Genes
Alleles that make up that gene constitute.
Genotype
The first DNA polymorphism was discovered that was suitable for forensic purposes.
[year]
1980
Uses a slab of agarose gel to separate the different size DNA fragments by sieving them through pores in the gel.
Gel electrophoresis
Are made up of pieces of DNA that COVER the SIZE RANGE that spans the possible DNA fragments being analyzed.
Ladders
Once the DNA has been transferred to the nylon membrane, a technique called ___________ is used to visualize the VNTRs.
Probe Hybridization
It had been used since the 1970s for making copies of (amplifying) DNA using polymerase enzymes.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
On the sex determination chromosome, there is a locus called?
Amelogenin
Nuclear DNA is found in a geometric shape called?
Double helix
If a particular locus (location) in a chromosome can have more than one form of DNA (polymorphism), then each for is called?
Alleles
[2] Types pf variability in alleles.
[polymorphism]
- Sequence polymorphism
- Length polymorphism
A technique that is used primarily to INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF DNA by amplification.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Designed to cut DNA at a specific sequence of bases.
Endonucleases
It overcame one of the major problems facing forensic biologists.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
[3] PCR Process
[DAE]
- Denaturation
- Annealing
- Extension
The DNA is added to the PCR tube that contains the reaction mixture and is then heated to 95°C.
[pcr process]
Denaturation
The next step in the PCR process is to attach a short strand of synthetic DNA to each of the separated strands.
[pcr process]
Annealing
The temperature of the reaction is raised to 72°C. Under the influence of Taq polymerase, single bases (nucleotides) are added to the primer, one by one.
[pcr process]
Extension
