Forensic Science

Question 1

Describes the science of associating people, places, and things involved in criminal activities.

Answer 1

Forensic Science

Question 2

Conducted by a medical examiner, who is a physician, specially trained in clinical and anatomic pathology, whose function is to determine the cause and manner of death in cases where the death occurred under suspicious or unknown circumstances.

[forensic]

Answer 2

Forensic Pathology

Question 3

It is generally thought of as the branch of forensic science that involves the collection and analysis of physical evidence generated by criminal activity.

[areas of forensic science]

Answer 3

Criminalistics

Question 4

Involves the investigation and testing of materials, products, or structures that do not function like they were designed or built to; in essence, they “fail.

[forensic]

Answer 4

Forensic Engineering

Question 5

It is a complicated and broad area of study; a trainee may study with an experienced examiner for several years before being qualified.

[areas of forensic science]

Answer 5

Questioned documents

Question 6

Examined Lafarge’s remains and determined that he had ingested arsenic.

Answer 6

Mathieu Orfilia

Question 7

He DEVISED a finger print classification system still used today to categorize sets of fingerprints and store them for easy retrieval.

Answer 7

Sir Edward Henry

Question 8

He developed a method of recording physical features of a person in such a way that the record would be unique to that person.

Answer 8

Alphonse Bertillon

Question 9

CONCEIVED of a method of FINGERPRINT classification that provided for 1,048,576 primary classifications of fingerprints.

Answer 9

Dr. Juan Vucetech

Question 10

He developed the first forensic DNA typing method which he coined, regrettably, “DNA fingerprinting, that forensic DNA technology was born.

Answer 10

Sir Alec Jeffries

Question 11

A major component of crime scene processing and analysis.

Answer 11

Serology

Question 12

It also plays a large role in the processing of items of evidence.

Answer 12

Serology

Question 13

It is highly sensitive to but not specific for a particular substance.

[collection of body fluids]

Answer 13

Presumptive test

Question 14

A tests positive for the substance in question and only that substance.

[collection of body fluids]

Answer 14

Confirmatory test

Question 15

[2] Collection of Body Fluids

Answer 15

1. Presumptive test
2. Confirmatory test

Question 16

Are legion in the blood—roughly 5 million per milliliter of blood! The purpose of these 6–8µm diameter cells is to transport oxygen.

[the major body fluids: blood]

Answer 16

Erythrocytes

Question 17

Are active in the immune system but
are not as numerous as erythrocytes, about 10 15,000 per milliliter of blood.

[the major body fluids: blood]

Answer 17

Leukocytes

Question 18

A CLASS OF ANTIGENS produced by allelic genes at one or MORE LOCI and inherited independently of other genes.

Answer 18

Blood Group

Question 19

About how many human blood groups are known to exist?

Answer 19

20

Question 20

A robust biological marker.

Answer 20

Blood groups

Question 21

A

[population frequency]

Answer 21

40%

Question 22

B

[population frequency]

Answer 22

10%

Question 23

A&B

[population frequency]

Answer 23

5%

Question 24

O

[population frequency]

Answer 24

45%

Question 25

A test for blood that REACT with the HEMOGLOBIN present in blood.

Answer 25

Presumptive test

Question 26

It is added to the suspected stain and then an oxidant is added, usually 3% hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 26

Testing chemical

Question 27

It reacts (oxidizes) with the hemoglobin and changes the color of the testing chemical.

Answer 27

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 28

The test is performed by moistening a clean cotton swab with distilled water and rubbing it on the suspected stain. [phase] [phenolphthalein presumptive test]

Answer 28

Phase 1

Question 29

A drop of PHENOLPHTHALEIN solution is added to the swab’s tip; it should remain COLORLESS. [phase] [phenolphthalein presumptive test]

Answer 29

Phase 2

Question 30

A drop of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE is then added; if the tip turns PINK, the test is presumptively POSITIVE for blood. [phase] [phenolphthalein presumptive test]

Answer 30

Phase 3

Question 31

If the swab tip remains colorless, then the result is negative for blood. [phase] [phenolphthalein presumptive test]

Answer 31

Phase 4

Question 32

Does NOT significantly AFFECT presumptive, confirmatory, species origin, and ABO tests. [chemical test]

Answer 32

Luminol — Laux (1991)

Question 33

Does interfere with some enzyme and protein genetic marker systems, such as acid phosphatase, esterase D, peptidase A, and adenylate kinase. [chemical test]

Answer 33

Luminol — Laux (1991)

Question 34

Does NOT AFFECT polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of DNA. [chemical test]

Answer 34

Luminol — Gross el. al (1991)

Question 35

Does NOT AFFECT RECOVERY OF DNA for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) but DOES LOWER the yield somewhat. [chemical test]

Answer 35

Ethanolic Benzidine Phenolphthalein Luminol — Hochmeister et al. (1991)

Question 36

Does NOT AFFECT short tandem repeat (STR) analysis of DNA. [chemical test]

Answer 36

Fluorescein — Budowle et al. (2000)

Question 37

It REACT IN THE PRESENCE OF HEMOGLOBIN, much like phenolphthalein, when an oxidizer is applied.

Answer 37

Luminol

Question 38

It is very sensitive to hemoglobin and will detect blood in dilutions of 1 in 5,000,000.

Answer 38

Luminol

Question 39

It stay on the surface better than luminol, making it easier to use on walls and other vertical surfaces.

Answer 39

Fluorescein

Question 40

A test that utilize the formation of crystals through the application of heat and testing chemicals.

Answer 40

Confirmatory test

Question 41

[2] Tests that determine the species from which a blood sample originated fall into two general categories:

Answer 41

1. Diffusion reactions 2. Electrophoretic methods

Question 42

It is typically produced by injecting rabbits with human blood.

Answer 42

Human anti-serum

Question 43

An agarose gel is poured into a small petri dish. [phase] [ouchterlony test]

Answer 43

Phase 1

Question 44

A circular pattern of SIX WELLS IS CUT out of the gel with an additional well in the center. [phase] [ouchterlony test]

Answer 44

Phase 2

Question 45

The anti-human serum is placed in the center well with a known human control placed in every other well. The sera and samples are allowed to diffuse. [phase] [ouchterlony test]

Answer 45

Phase 3

Question 46

The human controls test positive with a diffusion line; if the unknown tests positive, the line extends between the adjoining known samples. [phase] [ouchterlony test]

Answer 46

Phase 4

Question 47

A complex gelatinous mixture of cells, amino acids, sugars, salts, ions, and other materials produced by post pubescent males and is ejaculated following sexual stimulation.

Answer 47

Semen

Question 48

The traditional method for sperm identification is?

Answer 48

Christmas tree stain

Question 49

He published a paper outlining the forensic use of prostate specific antigen that he named p30.

Answer 49

George Sensabaugh

Question 50

It is typically used to detect p30 at levels as low as 0.005ng/mL (the threshold for rectal samples is 2ng because of reactions with other substances found there).

Answer 50

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

Question 51

It can be evidence in a number of crimes. Bite marks, licked adhesives (like envelopes and stamps), eating and drink surfaces, or even expectoration (spitting) can yield important DNA evidence.

Answer 51

Saliva

Question 52

The excreted fluid and waste products filtered by the kidneys, can be presumptively tested for through the presence of urea (with urease, an enzyme) or creatine (with picric acid)

Answer 52

Urine

Question 53

They define bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) as the analysis and interpretation of the dispersion, shape characteristics, volume, pattern, number, and relationship of bloodstains at a crime scene to reconstruct a process of event.

Answer 53

Bevel and Gradner

Question 54

Include clots, drops, flows, and pooling. [term in BPA]

Answer 54

Passive bloodstains

Question 55

Include wipes, swipes, pattern transfers, and general contact bloodstains. [term in BPA]

Answer 55

Transfer bloodstains

Question 56

Spatters, splashes, cast-off stains, and arterial spurts or gushes. [term in BPA]

Answer 56

Impact bloodstains

Question 57

It is created when an object moves through a pre-existing bloodstain. [term in BPA]

Answer 57

Wipe stain

Question 58

The transfer of blood onto a target by a MOVING OBJECT that is ITSELF BLOODSTAINED. [term in BPA]

Answer 58

Swipe stain

Question 59

Technical term in BPA that describes a stain that results from BLOOD HITTING A TARGET. [term in BPA]

Answer 59

Spatter

Question 60

Te result of blood BEING FLUNG or PROJECTED FROM A BLOODY OJECT in motion or one that stops suddenly. [term in BPA]

Answer 60

Cast - off stains

Question 61

Can vary due to the PUMPING ACTION and variable pressure of the blood as it exits the wound, producing a zig-zag, up-and down pattern. [term in BPA]

Answer 61

Arterial spurts

Question 62

Stains resulting from fly activity—and may mimic other relevant BPA patterns. [term in BPA]

Answer 62

Fly spots

Question 63

Indicator that some secondary object came BETEWEEN a blood spatter and the final target. [term in BPA]

Answer 63

Voids

Question 64

As a stain dries, the edges and borders dry first due to surface effects. If the bloodstain is wiped, these dried areas, called ______ stains, remain behind. [term in BPA]

Answer 64

Skeletonized stains

Question 65

Include identification of human remains in mass disasters (enamel is the hardest material produced by the body and intact teeth are often found), post mortem x-rays of the teeth can be compared to ante-mortem x-rays, and the comparison of bitemarks. [areas of forensic science]

Answer 65

Forensic Odonotology

Question 66

Involves the chemical analysis of body fluids and tissues to determine if a drug or poison is present. [areas of forensic science]

Answer 66

Toxicology

Question 67

The study of humans and their ancestors. [areas of forensic science]

Answer 67

Forensic Anthropology

Question 68

Deals with identifying people who cannot be identified through soft tissue features, such as fingerprints or photographs. [areas of forensic science]

Answer 68

Forensic Anthropology

Question 69

By definition, blood is a tissue, composed of several types of cells in a matrix called?

Answer 69

Plasma

Question 70

ONLY FRAGMENTS OF CELLS and contain NO NUCLEI; they number around 15–300,000 per milliliter of blood. Platelets are involved in the clotting process.

Answer 70

Platelets

Question 71

Volume of ejaculate.

Answer 71

2 to 6 milliliters and contains between 100 and 150 million spermatozoa.