DNA and RNA (Chapter 10) Flashcards Preview

Bio 233 > DNA and RNA (Chapter 10) > Flashcards

Flashcards in DNA and RNA (Chapter 10) Deck (24)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Genetic Material Must:

A
  1. Contain, in a stable form, the information about an organism’s cell structure, function, development, and reproduction
  2. Be able to be expressed
    - expressed: how we use the information
  3. Replicate accurately so that the progeny cells have the same information as the parent cells.
  4. Be capable of change
    - without change, organisms are incapable of variation and adaptation.
2
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

A

DNA

3
Q

Ribonucleic Acid

A

RNA

4
Q

Have double stranded DNA as the genetic material

A

All known prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and a few viruses

5
Q

Any molecule that serves as the genetic material must have the following characteristics except:

a. the ability to be replicated
b. the ability to store information
c. the ability to directly influence the development of traits
d. the ability to express information
e. the potential to be changed via mutation

A

c. the ability to directly influence the development of traits

6
Q
  • X-ray diffraction
  • Chargaff’s Rule
  • Known: polymer of nucleotides
  • Knowledge of chemistry
A

Watson and Crick’s basis of designing a molecular structure of DNA

7
Q

Nitrogenous Base + 5 Carbon Sugar

RNA

A

Nucleoside

8
Q

Nitrogenous Base + 5 Carbon sugar + phosphate group

DNA

A

Nucleotide

9
Q

Bond between nitrogenous base and 5 carbon sugar

A

glycosidic bond

10
Q

where on the nucleoside indicates it will be part of RNA?

A

the OH/carbon 2’

11
Q

Has two OH groups on 5 Carbon sugar

A

RNA

12
Q

Has only one OH on 5 carbon sugar

A

DNA

13
Q

Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine

A

Pyrimidine Ring (smaller)

14
Q

Adenine, Guanine

A

Purine Ring (larger)

15
Q

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine

A

Nitrogenous bases

16
Q

States that there is a 1:1 Ratio of A:T and G:C
A=T
G=-(triple bond)C

A

Chargaff’s Rule

17
Q

Concluded that DNA is helical and that there are distinct regularities.

A

Franklin and Wilkins

18
Q

360 degree turn = 3.4 nm/ 34 angstroms
Between bases = .34nm/ 3.4 angstroms
total gives 10bps/turn

A

Periodicites

19
Q

5’–> 3’: forwards
3’–> 5’: backwards
3’ to 5’ phosphodiester bonds form the backbone

A

The Model

20
Q
  • Formed because of the angle of the glycosidic bond

- Right handed double helix

A

Model of B-DNA

21
Q

Turns in right-handed direction no matter which end is being examined.

A

Right-Handed DNA

22
Q

Major groove vs. Minor groove

A

Proteins can recognize the shape of the bases/the bonding potentials
-proteins recognize the major groove rather than the minor groove because of its size.
Both wind along the length of the molecule in an alternating pattern

23
Q

In a polynucleotide, the individual nucleotides are linked by bonds between:

a. nitrogenous bases
b. sugar and phosphate
c. sugars
d. phosphates
e. nitrogenous base and sugar

A

b. sugar and phosphate

24
Q

Which of the following is not included in the Watson-Crick model of DNA structure?

a. It is composed of two strands
b. The two strands are held together by H bonds between nitrogenous bases.
c. The strands run parallel.
d. The resultant helix is right-handed

A

c. The strands run parallel.