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Flashcards in Mutations Part 2 Deck (10)
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1
Q

Segments of DNA that have the capacity to move in the genome

A

Transposable Elements

2
Q
  • “Copy and Paste” –increase C value
  • Transposable element is duplicated; TE is made in to RNA and then reverse transcipted to DNA; DNA is transposed into genome
A

Replicative transposition

3
Q
  • “Cut and paste”

- Transposable element is cut out of chromosome and inserted elsewhere

A

Conservative transposition

4
Q

Endonuclease that cuts DNA

A

Transposase

5
Q

Features found in transposable elements

A
  • Enzyme to paste gene back in
  • Reverse transcriptase
  • Terminal repeats: repeats at ends of TE
6
Q

Transposable elements can reorganize the genome in several ways:

A
  1. Disrupt reading frame
    - interrupt intron by:
    * enhancers, splice site, repressors
    - Insert into a regulatory sequence:
    * enhancer: decrease transcription
    * new expression pattern: can fuse segments together or “messy” transposition can remove DNA and cause deletions
7
Q

Two kinds of transposable elements

A
  1. Autonomous

2. Nonautonomous

8
Q

Can move by themselves, encode transposase

A

Autonomous

9
Q

Requires autonomous element for movement; lack transposase gene; cannot move by themselves

A

Nonautonomous

10
Q

Which of the following is a potential effect of transposons in the genome?

a. Gene inactivation by insertional mutagenesis
b. Change in gene regulation by epigenetic change in nearby chromatin
c. Alterin splice sites of genes
d. Deletion of genetic material due to sloppy transposition
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above