DNA Structure and DNA Replication

Question 1

This directs the synthesis of mRNA and controls protein synthesis through mRNA

Answer 1

DNA Replication

Question 2

These are unbranched polymers composed of nucleotides (monomers)

Answer 2

DNA & RNA

Question 3

Each nucleotide is made up of these components

Answer 3

Nitrogenous Base, Pentose Sugar, and Phosphate Groups

Question 4

This bond connects the 5’ carbon of one nucleotide to the 3’ carbon of another nucleotide

Answer 4

Phosphodiester Bonds

Question 5

This bond holds two strands of DNA together.

Answer 5

Hydrogen Bond

Question 6

This copies DNA to RNA

Answer 6

Transcription

Question 7

Copies DNA to DNA

Answer 7

Replication

Question 8

This rule states that each base has a specific partner. (Guanine with Cytosine, Adenine with Thymine, or Adenine with Uracil)

Answer 8

Chargaff’s Rule

Question 9

Why does each strand acts as a template for a new strand in Replication

Answer 9

Two strand of DNA are complementary

Question 10

In DNA Replication the parent molecule unwinds and builds what strands?

Answer 10

Two new daughter strand that’re built from base-pairings

Question 11

When a double helix replicates, each daughter molecule will have one old strand

Answer 11

Semiconservative Model

Question 12

This step in DNA Replication begins at a location on the double helix then an initiator protein binds and trigger unwinding.

Answer 12

Initiation

Question 13

This part in Initiation unwinds the parental double helix at replication forks

Answer 13

Helicase

Question 14

This binds and stabilizes single-strand DNA until used as a template

Answer 14

Single-strand binding protein

Question 15

Rejoins the DNA strand to relieve overwinding strain

Answer 15

Topoisomerase

Question 16

A repeating pattern of sugar-phosphate with bases that hangs off the backbone like appendages

Answer 16

Sugar-Phosphate Backbone

Question 17

This location is where unwinding starts in DNA

Answer 17

Origin of replication (E. coli cell)

Question 18

This is where DNA and mRNA is located

Answer 18

Nucleus

Question 19

This is where mRNA moves for protein synthesis by ribosomes

Answer 19

Cytoplasm

Question 20

The enzyme DNA polymerase
controls elongation, which
can occur only in what direction?

Answer 20

Leading Direction

Question 21

The lagging strand
unwinds in small sections
that DNA polymerase
replicates resulting what?

Answer 21

Okazaki Fragments

Question 22

Which primer is needed in order to elongate a new DNA strand in the 5’ to 3’ direction?

Answer 22

RNA Primer

Question 23

Which polymerase adds a nucleotide only to the end of a 3’ growing strand?

Answer 23

DNA Polymerase III

Question 24

This affects replication and elongates only in 5’ to 3’ direction and needs a pre-existing strand

Answer 24

Antiparallel Elongation

Question 25

True or False: The DNA replication occurs bidirectional.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

In this step, two new double helices have replaced the original helix. The last primer sequence must be removed from the end of the lagging strand.

Answer 26

Termination

Question 27

This enzyme "proofreads" the new double helix and removes mispaired bases.

Answer 27

Nucleases

Question 28

This proofreads newly made DNA and replaces incorrect nucleotides.

Answer 28

DNA Polymerases

Question 29

This strand elongates toward the replication fork and continuously adding to the 3’ end

Answer 29

Leading strand

Question 30

Elongates away from the replication fork is synthesized discontinuously

Answer 30

Lagging strand

Question 31

This polymerase removes RNA nucleotides of primer 5' end then replaces them with DNA nucleotides added to the 3' end of adjacent fragment.

Answer 31

DNA Polymerase I

Question 32

This joins the Okazaki fragments of lagging strand while pm the leading strand it joins the 3' end of DNA that replaces primer to the rest

Answer 32

DNA Ligase

Question 33

Synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers

Answer 33

Primase

Question 34

Joins two molecules together by forming a chemical bond

Answer 34

Ligase