Integumentary System Flashcards
(27 cards)
What does the integumentary system consist of?
The skin and accessory structures such as hair, glands, and nails.
What are the major functions of the integumentary system?
Protection, excretion, sensation, temperature regulation, and vitamin D production.
Protection, excretion, sensation, temperature regulation, and vitamin D production.
How does the skin protect the body?
It protects against mechanical damage, UV light, microorganisms, toxins, and reduces water loss.
What waste products are excreted through the skin?
Urea, uric acid, and ammonia.
What sensory inputs can the skin detect?
Heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain.
How does the skin regulate body temperature?
Through blood flow modulation and sweat gland activity.
How is vitamin D produced by the skin?
UV light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin D, aiding calcium homeostasis.
What are the major layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue).
What is the epidermis composed of?
Stratified squamous epithelium with keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells.
What is keratinization?
The process where keratinocytes accumulate keratin, die, and form a protective outer layer.
What are the layers of the epidermis?
Stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, and corneum.
Where is melanin produced and what is its function?
Produced in melanocytes; it protects against UV radiation.
What are the layers of the dermis?
Papillary layer and reticular layer.
What is the function of the papillary layer?
It brings blood vessels close to the epidermis and forms fingerprints.
What is found in the reticular layer?
Collagen and elastic fibers, glands, and hair follicles.
What is the hypodermis composed of and its function?
Loose connective and adipose tissue for insulation, energy storage, and attachment to structures.
What is the function of hair?
Insulation, UV protection, sensory input, and signal of sexual maturity.
What are the parts of a hair?
Shaft, root, and bulb.
What is the function of sebaceous glands?
Secrete sebum to lubricate hair and prevent skin drying
What are the types of sweat glands?
Eccrine (temperature regulation) and apocrine (body odor and maturity signaling).
What do ceruminous and mammary glands produce?
Earwax and milk, respectively.
What are nails made of?
Dead, keratinized stratum corneum cells.
What is the visible part of the nail?
The nail body.
This burn affects epidermis
First-degree burn
