Transcription and Translation

Question 1

This is the process which DNA directs protein synthesis that includes Transcription & Translation

Answer 1

Gene Expression

Question 2

This contains information transcribed from DNA

Answer 2

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 3

This is the main component of the ribosome where polypeptide chains are built

Answer 3

Ribosomal RNA(rRNA)

Question 4

This delivers amino acids

Answer 4

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 5

True or False; the following are the principles of Transcription & Translation

• RNA bridge between genes and the proteins they code for
• Translation synthesis of polypeptide using info in mRNA
• Transcription synthesis of RNA using information from DNA
• Ribosomes site of translation

Answer 5

True

Question 6

In transcription they use the ______ sequence of a gene to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA

Answer 6

Nucleotide

Question 7

RNA synthesis is activated by this polymerase that pries the DNA strands apart and joins together the RNA nucleotides

Answer 7

RNA Polymerase

Question 8

In the first step of Transcription, Initiation means?

Answer 8

Binding of RNA polymerase and initiation of Transcription

Question 9

The DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches is called?

Answer 9

Promoter

Question 10

This is the stretch of DNA that’s transcribed

Answer 10

Transcription Unit

Question 11

This guides RNA polymerase II

Answer 11

Transcription Factors

Question 12

This is composed of transcription factors, RNA polymerase II, and promoter

Answer 12

Transcription Initiation Complex

Question 13

As it moves RNA Polymerase II adds nucleotide to what?

Answer 13

The 3’ end of the growing RNA molecule

Question 14

In elongation what happens as the RNA polymerase moves along the DNA ?

Answer 14

Untwists the double helix (10-20 bases at a time)

Question 15

True or False:

Double helix reforms once newly synthesized RNA molecule peels away from the DNA template?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Where does Transcription happen?

Answer 16

Nucleus

Question 17

Translation happens where?

Answer 17

Ribosomes (Site of protein synthesis)

Question 18

This signals protein to cut RNA transcript from polymerase

Answer 18

Polyadenylation Signal

Question 19

This step is where RNA polymerase II transcribes polyadenylation signal sequence (RNA transcript is released)

Answer 19

Termination

Question 20

This is where enzymes in the eukaryotic nucleus
modify pre-mRNA (RNA processing) before the genetic messages are dispatched to the cytoplasm.

Answer 20

Post-Transcriptional modifications

Question 21

In Alternation of mRNA ends, 5’ end receives a modified nucleotide 5’ cap. While 3’ end gets what?

Answer 21

Poly-A-tail

Question 22

This makes the mRNA molecule have a continuous coding

Answer 22

RNA Splicing

Question 23

This cuts out the non-coding segment

Answer 23

Introns

Question 24

This is the coding segment

Answer 24

Exons

Question 25

This cuts out introns

Answer 25

Splicesome

Question 26

This converts genetic information carried by mRNA to a new polypeptide chain

Answer 26

Translation

Question 27

This is a series of non-overlapping, three-nucleotide words

Answer 27

Codons: Triplet code

Question 28

The words of a gene are transcribed into complementary nonoverlapping _______

Answer 28

three-nucleotide words of mRNA

Question 29

These words are translated into what to form a polypeptideping three-nucleotide words of mRNA

Answer 29

Chain of amino acids

Question 30

During the initiation of Translation, this is the binding of 1st tRNA carrying an anti-codon to the start codon (AUG) of mRNA

Answer 30

P site

Question 31

The completion of the Translation initiation complex consists of

Answer 31

Small ribosomal unit, P site, and the attachment of large ribosomal unit

Question 32

Refers to the growth of polypeptide chains

Answer 32

Elongation

Question 33

True or False: Elongation in Translation has 3 steps: - Accepting/recognition - A Site - Processing/peptide bond formation - P Site - Exit/translocation - E Site

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Once it reaches one of the three-stop-codons (UGA, UAA UAG) and dissociation of the translation initiation complex. This step will happen

Answer 34

Termination

Question 35

This is determined by inherited genetic information.

Answer 35

Primary Structure

Question 36

The primary structure of a protein is the?

Answer 36

Sequence of amino acids

Question 37

This is where synthesis and a polypeptide chain begins to coil & fold spontaneously into a 3D molecule with secondary and tertiary structure

Answer 37

Protein Folding and Post-Translational Modifications

Question 38

This determines the primary structure

Answer 38

Gene

Question 39

The primary structure determines what?

Answer 39

Shape

Question 40

This may be required before the protein does its part in the cell.

Answer 40

Post-translational modifications

Question 41

True or False: In order for the specified polypeptide to be produced the codons must be read in the correct reading frame.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

There are a total of 64 triplets, 3 triplets are "stop" signals to end translation while the 61 are codes for?

Answer 42

Amino Acids