DNA Structure and Function

Question 1

Finish the sentence:

Genetic information must be stable for…

Answer 1

storage

Question 2

Who isolated the first nucleic acid?

Answer 2

Friedrich Miescher

Question 3

What is the genetic material called?

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 4

Who did the Streptococcus pneumoniae transformation experiments?

Answer 4

Avery, MacLeod and McCarty

Question 5

Who did the bacteriophage experiment in 1953?

Answer 5

Hershey and Chase

Question 6

What is a bacteriophage?

Answer 6

Protein coat and DNA which infects bacteria

Question 7

What must genetic material be?

Answer 7

• stable over time
• replicate
• control expression of traits
• change in a controlled way

Question 8

What shape is DNA?

Answer 8

A double helix of two strands which is a linear polymer made up of repeating units

Question 9

What is nucleotide made out of?

Answer 9

sugar + base + phosphate

Question 10

What is a nucleoside made out of?

Answer 10

sugar + base

Question 11

Deoxyribose + adenine =

Answer 11

deoxy adenosine

Question 12

Deoxyribose + guanine =

Answer 12

deoxy guanosine

Question 13

Deoxyribose + cytosine =

Answer 13

deoxy cytidine

Question 14

Deoxyribose + thymine =

Answer 14

deoxy thymidine

Question 15

What direction does a DNA stage go in?

Answer 15

5’ to 3’

Question 16

Are DNA stands parallel or antiparallel in double stranded DNA?

Answer 16

Antiparallel

Question 17

How are the two DNA stands held together?

Answer 17

By hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs

Question 18

Finish the sentence:

A large base pairs with a…

Answer 18

small base

Question 19

What base is consider small?

Answer 19

T/G/U

Question 20

What base is concerned large?

Answer 20

A/C

Question 21

What is the group name of T/G/U?

Answer 21

Pyrimidine

Question 22

What is the group name of A/C?

Answer 22

Purine

Question 23

How many hydrogen bonds are formed between A and T/U?

Answer 23

2

Question 24

How many hydrogen bonds are form between G and C?

Answer 24

3

Question 25

Finish the sentence: | Base pairs are...

Answer 25

Planar

Question 26

Why does it take a lot of energy to separate the DNA strands?

Answer 26

Many DNA stands stacked up upon each other

Question 27

The strand backbones are closer together on one side of the helix than on the other. What is the major grove?

Answer 27

Backbones are far apart

Question 28

The strand backbones are closer together on one side of the helix than on the other. What is the minor groove?

Answer 28

Backbones are close together

Question 29

Which way do the grooves twist?around the molecule on opposite sides.

Answer 29

Around the molecule on opposite sides.

Question 30

Why does the structure of DNA provide the mechanism for heredity?

Answer 30

Genetic information is carried in the sequence of bases in DNA so can be passed on

Question 31

Why is it DNA a digital code?

Answer 31

- Only four possible bases in DNA | - Easily stored and analysed by computers