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DNA viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA virus - diagram

A

DNA virus –> 1. complex nucleocapsid 2. icosahedral nucleocapsid
1. DNA virus –> complex nucleocapsid –> envelop –> DS linear –> poxvirade –> a. smallpox b. molloscum contagiosum c. cowpox
2. DNA virus –> icosahedral nucleocapsid –> a. enveloped
b. non envelop
A. DNA virus –> icosahedral nucleocapsid –> enveloped:
- DS circular –> HEPADNAVIRIDAE (HBV)
- DS linear –> HERPESVIRIDAE (HSV1, HSV2, CMV, EBV, HHV6-8, VZV)
B. DNA virus –> icosahedral nucleocapsid –> nonenveloped:
- DS linear –> Adenoviridae
- DS circular –> Papovaviridae (Papillomavirus, Polyomavirus)
- SS linear –> Parvoviridae (B19)

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2
Q

icosahedral nucleocapsid nonenveloped virus

A
  1. DS lineae –> Adenoviridae
  2. DS circular –> Papovaviridae (Papillomavirus, Polyomavirus)
  3. SS linear –> Parvoviridae (B19)
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3
Q

Adenovirus - characteristics

A

icosahedral nucleocapsid nonenveloped DS linear DNA virus

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4
Q

Adenovirus - causes

A
  1. febrile pharyngitis (sore throat)
  2. Acute hemorrhagic cystitis
  3. Pneumonia
  4. Conjunctivitis (“pink eye”)
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5
Q

icosahedral nucleocapsid nonenveloped DS circular DNA - viruses?

A

Papovaviridae (Papillomavirus, Polyomavirus)

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6
Q

Papillomavirus - characteristics / aka

A

icosahedral nucleocapsid nonenveloped DS circular DNA –> papovaviridae
HPV

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7
Q

which is the MC STD

A

HPV

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8
Q

Papillomavirus (HPV) causes

A
  1. warts (serotypes 1,2, 6, 11) (condylomata acuminata on genitalis -6, 11)
  2. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (most commonly 16, 18)
  3. Cervical cancer (most commonly 16, 18)
  4. penile/anal cacrinoma (most commonly 16, 18)
  5. head and neck cancer (mc 16)
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9
Q

Polyomavirus - characteristics

A

icosahedral nucleocapsid nonenveloped DS circular DNA –> papovaviridae –> 1. JC virus 2. BK virus

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10
Q

Polyomavirus - viruses?

A
  1. JC virus

2. BK virus

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11
Q

JC virus - characteristics

A

icosahedral nucleocapsid nonenveloped DS circular DNA –> papovaviridae –> polyomavirus

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12
Q

Polyomavirus - clinical presentation

A

BK virus –> transplant patinets, commonly targets kidney

JC virus –> Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV patients

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13
Q

largest DNA virus

A

poxvirus

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14
Q

smallest DNA virus

A

Parvovirus

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15
Q

Parvovirus - characteristics

A

DNA virus –> icosahedral nucleocapsid –> nonenveloped –> SS and linear –> B19

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16
Q

Parvovirus - virus

A

B19

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17
Q

B19 virus causes

A
  1. aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease, thalassemia β, hereditary spherocytosis,
  2. slapped cheeks (erythema inectiosum or fifth disease)
  3. during pregnancy RBCs destruction –> fetal death (1st trimester), hydrops fetalis (2nd trimester), not significant in 3rs trimester
  4. RBCs destruction also leads to Rheumatoid arthritis - like symptoms and pure RBC aplasia
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18
Q

B19 virus - transmission

A
  1. respiratory aerosol

2. transplacental

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19
Q

BK19 in pregnancy

A

fetal death (1st trimester), hydrops fetalis (2nd trimester), not significant in 3rs trimester

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20
Q

BK19 in adults

A

RBCs destruction also leads to Rheumatoid arthritis - like symptoms and pure RBC aplasia

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21
Q

poxvirus - characteristics and viruses

A

DNA virus –> complex nucleocapsid –> envelop –> DS linear –> poxvirade –> a. smallpox b. molloscum contagiosum c. cowpox

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22
Q

poxvirus - viruses?

A

a. smallpox b. molloscum contagiosum c. cowpox

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23
Q

smallpox - causes today

A

smallpox eradicated by use of live attenuated vaccine

eradication was achieved by world-wide use of the live attenuated vaccine

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24
Q

Acute disseminated (postinfectious) encephalomyelitis is usually caused by (and examples)

A
  1. After infection (mesles, VZV)

2. Certain vaccinations (rabies, smallpox)

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25
cowpox causes
milkmaid blisters
26
Moloscum contagiosum - presentation
flesh colored papule with central umblication
27
Herpesvirusus - characteristics and viruses
DNA virus --> icosahedral nucleocapsid --> enveloped --> | DS linear --> HERPESVIRIDAE (HSV1, HSV2, CMV, EBV, HHV6-8, VZV)
28
HHV-8 causes .../ seen in
Kaposi sarcoma | seen in HIV/AIDS and transplant patients
29
kaposi sarcoma - area
MC in skin, but also month, GI tract and respiratory tract
30
kaposi sarcoma - definition and appearance
endothelial malignancy | Dark/violaceous plaques or nodules representing vascular proliferations
31
HHV-8 - transmission
sexual contact
32
HHV-6 causes
Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) (6th disease)
33
HHV-7 causes
Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) (6th disease) (LESS COMMONLY)
34
Roseola infantum is AKA
(exanthem subitum) (6th disease)
35
Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) (6th disease) - presentation
high fevers for several days that can seizures, followed by a diffuse macular rash
36
HHV-6 -transmission | HHV-7 -transmission
both saliva
37
causes of Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) (6th disease) and their transmission
1. HHV-6 2. HHV-7 (less commonly) both saliva
38
CMV is also called
HHV-5
39
CMV (HHV-5) - trasmission
1. congenitally 2. transfusion 3. sexual contact 4. saliva 5. urine 6. transplant
40
CMV (HHV-5) causes
1. mononucleosis with (-) Monospot in immunocompoment) 2. congenital infection 3. in immunocompromised patients (pneumonia, retinitis, hepatitis, encephalitis, neuropathy) --> esp pneumonia in transplant
41
CMV (HHV-5) retinitis?
AIDS retinitis --> hemorrhage, cotton-wool exudates, vision loss
42
CMV (HHV-5) latent in
mononuclear cels
43
CMV (HHV-5) - histology
characteristic "owl eye" inclusions
44
EBV is AKA / transmission
HHV-4 | resp secretions, saliva
45
EBV (HHV-4) causes
1. Mononucleosis 2. endemic Burkit lymphoma 3. Hodgkin lymphoma 4. nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5. primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompromised patients) 6. Hairy leukoplakia (HIV+, organ transplant recipients)
46
Hairy leukoplakia is occurs in
HIV+, organ transplant recipients
47
mononucleosis - clinical presentation
1. fever 2. hepatosplenomegaly 3. pharyngitis 4. lymphadenopathy (esp posterior cervical nodes)
48
mononucleosis is also called (why)
kissing disease since commonly seen in teens, young adults
49
mononucleosis - EBV infects ..
B cellS through CD21
50
mononucleosis - detection (and mechanism)
1. Monospot test: heterophile antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs 2. Atypical lymphocytes seen on peripheral smear (reactive cytotoxic T cells, not infected B cells)
51
VZV - transmission / aka
respiratory secretions | HHV-3
52
VZV causes
1. chickenbox 2. shingles 3. encephalitis 4. pneumonia 5. Acute disseminated (postinfectious) encephalomyelitis (after)
53
VZV - Latent in
dorsal root ganglia or tringeminal ganglion
54
MC complication of shingles
post-herpetic neuralgia
55
HSV-1 causes
1. oral lesions (gingivostomatitis, herpes labialis) 2. keratinoconjuctivitis 3. temporal lobe encephalitis 4. genital lesions (rare) (herpes genitalis) 5. herpes whitlow 6. Kluver-Bucy
56
HSV-1 - temporal lobe encephalitis (characteristics, presentations)
- MCC of sporadic encephalitis | - can present with altered mental status, seizures, and/or aphasia
57
HSV-1 - temporal lobe encephalitis - presentation
1. altered mental status 2. seizures 3. aphasia
58
HSV-1 - transmission
1. respiratory secretions | 2. saliva
59
HSV-2 - transmission
1. sexual contact | 2. perinatally
60
HSV-2 causes
1. Herpes genitalis 2. neonatal herpes 3. oral lesion (rare) 4. herpes whitlow
61
MCC of sporadic encephalitis
HSV-1
62
HSV identification - process
1. viral culture for skin/genitalia 2. CSF pcr for herpes encephalitis 3. Tzanck test - a smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells commonly seen in HSV1, 2 and VZV infection 4. Intranuclear inclisions also seen with HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV
63
Viral vaccines - categories and viruses
A. Live attenuated vaccines (1. smallpox 2. yellow fever 3. rotavirus 4. VZV 5. Sabin polio 6. Influenza (intransal) 7. Measles 8. Mumps 9. Rubella) B. Killed (1. Rabies 2. Influenza (injected) 3. Salk Polio 4. HAV) C. Subunit (1. HBV (antigen=HBsAg) 2. HPV (types 6, 11, 16, 18))
64
Hepadinavirus - characteristics
DNA virus --> icosahedral nucleocapsid --> enveloped: | - DS circular --> HEPADNAVIRIDAE (HBV)
65
Hepadinavirus (HBV) - structure
enveloped icosahedral nucleocapsid PARTIALLY DS AND CIRCULAR HAS REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
66
slapped cheeks is also called
erythema inectiosum or fifth disease
67
6th disease? | 5th disease?
6- Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) | 5- slapped cheeks (erythema inectiosum)
68
HSV-1 - temporal lobe encephalitis - presentation
1. altered mental status 2. seizures 3. aphasia
69
HSV-2, VZV, CMV: area of latent state
HSV-2 --> sacral ganglia VZV --> latent dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia CMV --> mononuclear cells
70
CMV EBV receptors
CMV --> integrins (heparan sulfate) | EBV --> CD21
71
HIV receptors
1. CD4 2. CXCR4 3. CCR5
72
Rabies receptor
Nicotinic AChR
73
Rhinovirus receptor
ICAM-1

Microbiology (25 decks)

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