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Mycology Flashcards

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1
Q

type of fungal infections

A
  1. systemic mycoses
  2. Cutaneous mycoses
  3. opportunistic fungal infections
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2
Q

systemic mycoses - clinical manifestation

A

pneumonia and can disseminate

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3
Q

systemic mycoses - diseases?

A
  1. Histoplasmosis
  2. Blastomycosis
  3. Coccidioidomycosis
  4. Paracoccidioidomycosis
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4
Q

systemic mycoses - appearance

A

all dimorphic fungi

EXCEPT COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS –> SPHERULE - NOT YEAST IN TISSUE

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5
Q

dimorphic fungi?

A

cold (20c) –> mold

heat (37c) –> yeast

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6
Q

coccidioidomycosis - appearance in tissue

A

spherule (not yeast)

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7
Q

systemic mycoses -treatment

A

local infection: fluconazole or intraconazole

systemic infection: amphotericin B

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8
Q

systemic mycoses can mimic … (WHY) - except

A

TB (granouloma formation)

except, unlike TB, no peroson to person transmission

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9
Q

Histoplasmosis - area (map)

A

Mississippi and Ohio River valleys

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10
Q

Histoplasmosis causes

A

pneumonia and erythema nodosum

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11
Q

Histoplasmosis - under the microscope

A

Macrophage filled with Histoplasma (smaller thatn RBC)

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12
Q

Histoplasmosis - source

A

Bird or bat dropping

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13
Q

Blastomycosis - area (map)

A

Eastern US and Central America

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14
Q

Blastomycosis causes

A

inflammatory lund disease and can disseminate to skin and bones

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15
Q

Blastomycosis forms

A

granulomatous nodules

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16
Q

Blastomycosis - under the microscope

A

Broad-based budding

same size as RBCs

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17
Q

Coccidioidomycosis - area (map)

A

Southwestern US, California

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18
Q

Coccidioidomycosis causes

A 
Pneumonia, meningitis and can dissemiante to bone 
 and skin (deseert bumps --> erythema nodosum, desert theumatism --> arthralgias)
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19
Q

Coccidioidomycosis - case rate increases after … (WHY)

A

earthquakes (spores in dust thrown into air –> inhaled –> spheruls in lung

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20
Q

Coccidioidomycosis - under the microscope

A

spherule filled with endospores

much larger than RBCs

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21
Q

Coccidioidomycosis is also called

A

Valley fever

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22
Q

Valley fever is

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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23
Q

Paracocciddioidomycosis - area (map)

A

Latin america

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24
Q

Paracocciddioidomycosis under the microscope

A

Budding yeast with “captain’s wheel formation

much larger than RBCs

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25
systemic mycosis - area (map)
1. Histoplasmosis --> Mississippi and Ohio River valleys 2. Blastomycosis --> Eastern US and Central America 3. Coccidioidomycosis --> Southwestern US, California 4. Paracoccidioidomycosis --> Latin America
26
systemic mycosis - size vs RBC
1. Histoplasmosis - smaller 2. Blastomycosis - same 3. Coccidioidomycosis - much larger 4. Paracoccidioidomycosis - much larger
27
systemic mycosis - meningitis
Coccidioidomycosis
28
systemic mycosis - erythema nodosum
1. Coccidioidomycosis | 2. Histoplasmosis
29
Erythema nodosum are .. (and histological area)
painful inflammatory lesions of subcutaneous fat
30
Erythema nodosum - causes MC area of the body
1. idiopathic 2. sarcoidosis 3. coccidioidomycosis 4. histoplasmosis 5. TB 6. streptococcal infections 7. leprosy 7. Crohn disease
31
systemic mycosis - under the microscope
1. Histoplasmosis --> Macrophages filled with Histoplasma 2. Blastomycosis --> Broad-base budding 3. Coccidioidomycosis --> spherule filled with endospores 4. Paracoccidioidomycosis --> captain wheel - -> shines
32
Cutaneous mycoses are divided to
1. tinea (dermatophytoses) | 2. tinea versicolor
33
tinea?
is the clinical name given to dermatophyte cutaneous fungual infection
34
Dermatohytes include
1. Microsporum 2. Trichophyton 3. Epidermophyton
35
Dermatohytes - appearance
branching septate hyphae visible on KOH preparation with blue fungal stain
36
Cutaneous mycoses - types
1. tinea capitis (dermatophytoses) 2. tinea corporis (dermatophytoses) 3. tinea cruris (dermatophytoses) 4. tinea pedis (dermatophytoses) 5. tinea unguium (dermatophytoses) 6. Tinea versicolor
37
Tinea capitis occurs on (area of the body)
head, scalp
38
Tinea capitis - symptoms
1. lympadenopathy 2. alopecia 3. scaling
39
Tinea corporis - area of the body
torso (κορμός)
40
Tinea corporis - symptoms
erythematous scaling rings (ringworm) and central clearing
41
Tinea corporis can be acquired from
contact with an infected cat or dog
42
Tinea cruris - occur in (area of the body)
inguinal area
43
Tinea cruris - symptoms
rash in the inguinal area without the central clearing seen in the tinea corporis
44
Tinea unguium - is also called
onychomycosis
45
Tinea unguium occurs on (area of the body)
nails
46
Tinea pedis - how many varieties and which
1. interdigital 2. Moccasin distribution 3. Vesicular type (blister)
47
Tinea pedis - MC variety
interdigital
48
Tinea pedis is AKA
athlete's foot
49
Tinea versicolor is caused by
Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp)
50
Malassezia is AKA
Pitirosporum
51
Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp) - type of fungus
yeast like fungus
52
Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp) - tinea
Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp) is not a dermatophyte, despite being called tinea
53
Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp) - mechanism of action
degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmented and/or pink patches
54
Tinea versicolor - whether
any time of year but common in summer (hot, humid weather)
55
Tinea versicolor can occur any time of year but common in
summer (hot, humid weather)
56
Tinea versicolor - under microscopy
spaghetti and meatballs
57
Tinea versicolor - treatment
1. topical and/oral antifungul medication | 2. selenium sulfate
58
spaghetti and meatballs under microscopy
Tinea versicolor
59
cutaneous mycoses - inguinal area
tinea cruris
60
cutaneous mycoses - interdigital
tinea pedis
61
cutaneous mycoses - ringworm
tinea corporis
62
cutaneous mycoses - nails
tinea unguium

Microbiology (25 decks)

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