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Microbiology > Gram (-) - 2 > Flashcards

Gram (-) - 2 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Klebsiella - location

A

intestinal flora

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2
Q

Klebsiella - characteristics

A

robs, lactose FAST fermenter, polysaccharide capsule

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3
Q

Klebsiella - clinical manifestation (and situations)

A
  1. lobar pneumonia (and bronchopneumonia) (in alcoholics, diabetes)
  2. UTI (nosocomial)
  3. Abscess in Lung and liver
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4
Q

Klebsiella - pneumonia (types and situations)

A

lobar pneumonia in alcoholics, diabetes when aspirated

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5
Q

Klebsiella - appearance (clinically)

A
  1. very mucoid colonies caused by abundant polysaccharide capsule
  2. dark red currant jelly sputum (blood/mucus)
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6
Q

Campylobacter jejuni - characteristics

A

gram (-), oxidase comma (or S) shape, grows in 42c

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7
Q

Campylobacter jejuni - clinical manifestations

A
  1. Major cause of bloody diarrhea (especially in children)
  2. Guillain-Barre syndrome
  3. reactive arthritis
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8
Q

Campylobacter jejuni - transmission

A
  1. Fecal-oral transmission through person-person
  2. ingestion of poultry, meat (undercooked), unpasteurized milk
  3. contact with infected animals (dogs, cats, pigs)
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9
Q

Campylobacter jejuni grows in … c

A

42

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10
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of

A

bloody diarrhea (especially in children)

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11
Q

Salmonella - characteristics

A

gram (-), rob, lactose nonfermenter, oxidase - produce H2S in TSI agar

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12
Q

Shigella - characteristics

A

gram (-), rob, lactose nonfermenter, oxidase - NOT produce H2S in TSI agar

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13
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - reservoir

A

Salmonella typhi –> only human
other salmonella –> human and animals (poultry, pets, turtle)
shigella –> humans only

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14
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - spread

A

Salmonella typhi –> can disseminated hemategenously
other salmonella –> can disseminated hemategenously
shigella –> cell - to - cell/ no hematogenous spread

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15
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella -H2S production

A

Salmonella typhi –> yes
other salmonella –>yes
shigella –> no

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16
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - flagella

A

Salmonella typhi –> yes (salmon swim)
other salmonella –> yes (salmon swim)
shigella –> no

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17
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - virulence factors

A

Salmonella typhi –> endotoxin, Vi capsule
other salmonella –> endotoxin
shigella –> Endotoxin, shiga toxin (enterotoxin)

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18
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - effects of antibiotics on fecal excretion

A

Salmonella typhi –> prolongs duration
other salmonella –> prolongs duration
shigella –> shortens duration

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19
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - immune response

A

Salmonella typhi –> primarily moncytes
other salmonella –>PMNs in disseminated disease
shigella –> Primarily PMN infiltration

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20
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - GI manifestation

A

Salmonella typhi –> constipation, followed by diarrhea
other salmonella –>bloody diarrhea
shigella –> bloody diarrhea (bacillary dysentery)

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21
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - vaccine

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A

Salmonella typhi –> yes
other salmonella –> no
shigella –> no

22
Q

Salmonella typhi - vaccine

Study These Flashcards
A

oral vaccine –> live attenuated S. typhi

IM vaccine –> contains Vi capsular polysaccharide

23
Q

salmonella (except typhi) causes / treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

gastrenteritis (bloody diarrhea)

antibiotcis are not indicated

24
Q

shigella is transmitter by

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A 
4Fs
Fingers
Flies
Food
Feces
25
shigella infection with decreasing severity?
``` less toxin produced --> cause disease due to invasion S. dysenteriae S. flexneri S. boydii S. sonnei ```
26
shigella infection - the key to pathogenecity
invasion
27
shigella infection - organism with little toxin can cause disease due to
invasion
28
shigella - in order of decreasing severity (less toxin)
S. dysenteriae S. flexneri S. boydii S. sonnei
29
Salmonella typhi causes
typhoid fever
30
typhoid fever is caused by/symptoms
Salmonella typhi | rose spots on abdomen constipation, abdominal pain, fever
31
typhoid fever - treatment
ceftriaxone or flouroquinolone
32
Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - carrier state?
Salmonella typhi - gallbladder colonization
33
Vibrio cholera - characteristics
gram (-), grows in alkaline media, oxidase +, comma shape
34
Vibrio cholera - mechanism of action
cholera toxin --> overactivates adenylate cyclase (increases cAMP) by permanently activateing Gs --> increases CL- secretion in gut and H20 efflux
35
Vibrio cholera - endemic to
developing countries
36
Vibrio cholera - symptoms
profuse rice water diarrhea
37
Vibrio cholera - treatment
prompt oral rehydration is necessary
38
Yersinia enterocolitica - transmission
1. from pet feces (eg. puppies) 2. contaminated milk 3. pork
39
Yersinia enterocolitica - clinical manifestations
1. acute diarrhea | 2. pseudo-appendicitis
40
Yersinia enterocolitica - pseudo-appendicitis?
right lower abdominal pain due to mesenteric adenitis and/or terminal ileitis
41
Helicobacter pylori causes (clinical manifestation)
Causes gasritis and peptic ulcers (especially duodenal)
42
Helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for
1. Causes gasritis and peptic ulcers (especially duodenal) 2. gastric adenocarcinoma 3. MALT lymphoma
43
Helicobacter pylori - characteristics
produces urease, oxidase +, comma (Curved) shape, catalase +
44
Helicobacter pylori creates ... environment
alkaline
45
Helicobacter pylori - test for diagnosis
1. urea breath test 2. fecal antigen test 3. blood test - antibodies 4. biopsy
46
Helicobacter pylori - treatment
MC initial treatment: | PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR + CLARITHROMYCIN + AMOXICILLIN (or metronidaxzole if penicillin allergy)
47
Helicobacter pylori - stain
silver stain
48
silver stain is used to stain
1. Fungi (eg. Pneumocytosis) 2. Legionella 3. Helicobacter pylori
49
Gram (-) - subgroups - oxidase +, comma shape
1. Campylobacter jejuni (grows in 42c, oxidase +, comma shape) 2. Vibrio cholera (grows in alkaline media, oxidase +, comma shape) 3. Helicobacter pylori (produces urease, oxidase +, comma shape, catalase +)
50
Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - infectious dose (ID50) and mechanism
Salmonella typhi --> high (large inoculum required becauses organism inactivated by gastric acid) other salmonella --> high shigella --> low (very small inoculum required, resistant to gastric acid)
51
Vibro cholera - acid
Sensitive to stomach acid (acid labile) --> requires large inoculum (high ID50) unless host has decreased gastric acidity

Microbiology (25 decks)

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