Drug Absorption

Question 1

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

The mechanism of drug actions 
Pharmaological effect
Clinical response (efficacy or toxicity)

Question 2

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

Examines the movement of a drug over time though the body

Adminstration > concentration > site of action > distribution > metabolized/excreted

Question 3

Bioavailability

Answer 3

Percent of the dose that gets into the body

Question 4

Bioequivalence

Answer 4

Similarity between two formulas of the same drug

Question 5

Speed of drug onset

Answer 5

How long it takes the drug to being working

Question 6

Dosing Interval

Answer 6

How often the drug should be give

Question 7

Site of action

Answer 7

Whether the drug stay local or acts systemically

Question 8

What is drug administration?

Answer 8

Movement of drug molecules across biological barriers from the site of administration of the blood stream

Question 9

What will the rate of drug absorption be affected by?

Answer 9

Rate of release of drug from pharmaceutical prep
Membrane permeability of drug
Surface area in contact with drug
Blow flow to site of absorption
Destruction of a drug near site of absorption

Question 10

What is the dosage form?

Answer 10

The determinate of how much drug is released

Question 11

If a drug comes in solution form and gets shot into your arm what is the response like?

Answer 11

Immediate

Question 12

If you take some pills and capsules of vitamin D because you never go outside what is the release like?

Answer 12

Delayed dissolution and then rapid release

Question 13

Rub that cream on your skin. So nice. What is the release like?

Answer 13

No delay but slow release

Question 14

What type of additive (excipients) will decrease the rate of dissolution?

Answer 14

Binder
Lubricants
Coating agents

Question 15

What type of additive (excipients) will increase the rate of dissolution?

Answer 15

Disintegrants

Question 16

What type of additive (excipients) will have variable effects on the rate of dissolution?

Answer 16

Diluents
Coloring agents
Flavoring agents

Question 17

Which type of tablet will dissolve slowly?

Answer 17

Hard tablet
Round tablets
Large tablet

Question 18

What is the benefit of an enteric coating?

Answer 18

Will dissolve in intestine but not the in the stomach

Question 19

What type of sustained release is reservoir diffusion?

Answer 19

Drug diffuses from pill to core through membrane shell

Question 20

What type of sustained release is matrix diffusion?

Answer 20

Drug diffuses through matrix which is embedded

Question 21

What type of sustained release is matrix dissolution?

Answer 21

Drug released as matrix dissolves

Question 22

What type of sustained release is osmotic tablets?

Answer 22

Drug pumped out of tablet by osmotic forces

Question 23

What type of sustained release is ion-exchange?

Answer 23

Drug bound to resin exchanges with endogenous ions

Question 24

What is lipophilicity?

Answer 24

Increases the membrane permeability

Question 25

Where would you find lipophilicity things happening?

Answer 25

In the presence of aliphatic and aromatic structures | Absence of polar groups

Question 26

What is ionization for drug permeability?

Answer 26

Decreases membrane permeability

Question 27

What happens to acid and base drugs and where are they ionized?

Answer 27

Weak acids in intestine | Weak bases in stomach

Question 28

Screw the henderson-hasselback quation.

Answer 28

I hate it. | pH = pka + ([nonprotonated species]/[protonated species])

Question 29

What are low surface areas for drug absorption?

Answer 29

Eyes, nasal cavity, buccal cavity, rectum, stomach, large intestine

Question 30

What are high surface areas for drug absorption?

Answer 30

Small intestines and lungs

Question 31

Where would there be low blood flow physiological for drug absorption?

Answer 31

Eyes, stomach, large intestine, rectum, subcutaneous tissue

Question 32

Where would there be high blood flow physiological for drug absorption?

Answer 32

Small intestines, lungs, muscle, buccal cavity and nasal cavity

Question 33

What are some factors that influence blood flow based on pharmcology?

Answer 33

Vasoconstrictors Co-administration with vasoconstrictors Vasodilators

Question 34

What determines whether a drug is destroyed at or near site of administration?

Answer 34

The biochemistry of the drug Liver - hepatic enzymes ("first pass" Colon - intestinal microfolra Stomach - digestive enzymes and acids

Question 35

What are some direct, non-invasive way to take a drug?

Answer 35

Oral Sublingual Rectal