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Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 3 drugs that can be used to sedate delirious patients

A

Haloperidol, lorazepam, olanzapine

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2
Q

Name a hormone or small molecule drug used to treat chronic myeloid leukaemia

A

Imatinib

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3
Q

Name a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in breast cancer treatment

A

Tamoxifen

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4
Q

When is ovarian ablation used?

A

As a systemic hormone therapy in premenopausal breast cancer patients

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5
Q

Name 2 non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors used in breast cancer

A

Anastrozole, letrozole

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6
Q

Name a steroidal aromatase inhibitor used in breast cancer

A

Exemestane

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7
Q

Name an oestrogen antagonist used in breast cancer

A

Fulvestrant

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8
Q

Name 2 biological therapies used in breast cancer that bind to Her-2 receptors

A

Trastuzumab, lapatinib

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9
Q

What therapies might be used alongside an oestrogen antagonist in breast cancer?

A

Bisphosphonates, denosumab (binds to RANK-L to decrease survival of osteoclasts)

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10
Q

Name an intercalating chemotherapy drug the inserts into dsDNA

A

Doxorubicin

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11
Q

Name a drug used in immunotherapy for cancer that ‘cuts the breaks’ and enhances the T cell response

A

Iplimumab

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12
Q

What does implimumab do?

A

Immunotherapy for cancer. Enhances T cell response to cancer

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13
Q

What is denosumab?

A

A therapy that binds to RANK-L receptors in bone and decreases survival of osteoclasts. Decreases bone resorption

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14
Q

What is exemestane?

A

A steroidal aromatase inhibitor used in the treatment of breast cancer

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15
Q

What is anastrozole?

A

A non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor used in the treatment of breast cancer

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16
Q

Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Resuscitation (0.9% IV saline)
Insulin (0.1units/kg/hr IV)
Potassium (20mmol/l IV)

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17
Q

What is metformin?

A

A biguanide oral diabetic medication that lowers glucose output from liver and increases uptake into skeletal muscle and adipocytes

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18
Q

What is the 1st line drug in type 2 diabetes?

A

Metformin, orally, 2-3 times per day with food

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19
Q

Name 3 sulphonylureas

A

Gliclazide, glipizide, glibenclamide

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20
Q

What is gliclazide?

A

A sulphonylurea drug for diabetes

Binds to K+ channels and closes them, Ca2+ enters and insulin leaves pancreatic cells

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21
Q

SE of sulphonylureas?

A

Hypoglycaemia, weight gain

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22
Q

Name a thiazolidenodione

A

Pioglitazone

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23
Q

What is pioglitazone?

A

A thiazolidenodione diabetic drug

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24
Q

Action of thiazolidenodiones?

A

Increased transcription of insulin sensitive genes in adipocytes, increased glucose uptake and use, increased lipogenesis

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25
Name 2 DPP4-inhibitors
Sitagliptin, saxagliptin
26
What is sitagliptin?
A DPP4-inhibitor
27
Action of DPP-4 inhibitors?
Stops GLP-1 degredation, increased insulin and decreased glucagon and glucose Glucose dependent action, weight loss
28
Name a GLP-1 analogue
Exenatide
29
What is exenatide?
A GLP-1 analogue
30
Action of GLP=1 analogues?
Increased insulin, decreased glucagon and glucose, decreased food intake
31
Name an SGLT-2 inhibitor
Dapagliflozin
32
What is dapagliflozin?
An SGLT-2 inhibitor
33
Action of SGLT-2 inhibitors?
Inhibits reabsorption of glucose in proximal convoluted tubule Sugary urine, weight loss
34
How do you treat a chronic/subacute endocarditis?
Amoxicillin IV
35
What is the usual therapy for endocarditis?
Vancomycin + gentamicin + rifampicin
36
How do you treat endocarditis with severe sepsis or a penicillin allergy?
Vancomycin + gentamicin
37
Which malarial prophylaxis is given 1 tab a day, 1 day before and 1 week after return?
Atovaquone + proguanil
38
What is malarone?
Atovaquone plus proguanil
39
What malarial prophylaxis causes photosensitivity rashes in 20% of the population?
Doxycycline
40
How long do you take doxycycline for malarial prophylaxis?
1 week before and 4 weeks after
41
Main SE of mefloquine?
Neuropsychiatric effects
42
How long do you take mefloquine for for malaria prophylaxis?
3 weeks before, 4 weeks after
43
What are common vaccinations legally required for travel?
Yellow fever, meningococcal ACWY, Polio
44
What vaccination is legally required for the Hajj pilgrimage?
``` Meningococcal ACWY (Plus polio and yellow fever if from country at risk) ```
45
Treatment of Ebola?
Supportive care, IV fluids, antimalarials and antibiotics
46
Treatment of non-severe P.flaciparum malaria?
Quinine + 2nd agent Malarone (proguanil + atovaquone) Co-artem (artesunate + halofantine)
47
Treatment of sever P.falciparum malaria?
IV Quinine, IV artesunate
48
Treatment of P.vivax malaria?
``` Oral chloroquine Oral primaquine (check for G6PD deficiency) ```
49
What do you do before giving primaquine?
Check for G6PD deficiency
50
Which anti-malarial agent is the only one that cures malaria and eliminates liver hyponozoites?
Primaquine
51
Name the 6 types of antiretrovirals
``` Fusion/entry inhibitors Integrase inhibitors Reverse transcriptase inhibitors Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors Protease inhibitors Maturation inhibitors ```
52
Name 4 NRTIs
AZT Lamivudine Tenofovir Abacavir
53
What is lamivudine?
A reverse transcriptase inhibitor for HIV treatment
54
What is tenofovir?
A reverse transcriptase inhibitor for HIV treatment
55
Name 2 protease inhibitors for HIV
Indinivir, ritonavir
56
Name an integrase inhibitor for HIV
Raltegravir
57
Name an NNRTI for HIV
Efavirenz
58
What is HAART?
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy | 3 drugs of at least 2 different classes
59
Treatment of bacterial meningitis?
Ceftriaxone/cefoxiane IV | Chloramphenicol is alternative
60
Treatment of MRSA?
Vancomycin
61
Treatment of CKD?
ACEi, ANG-II blockers in younger patients | Calcium channel blockers in over 55s
62
Treatment of CKD mineral bone disorders?
``` Vit D replacement Dietary phosphate reduction Phosphate binders (eg Ca salts) Calcimimetics Parathyroiectomy ```
63
Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy?
Exclude diabetes, alcohol withdrawl, hyponatraemia, drugs Modify microbiota (lactulose, rifaxamin, probiotics) Laxatives, nutrition
64
Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis?
Alcohol abstinence | Prednisolone/pentoxifyllene
65
First line treatment for OA?
Physio, exercise, weight loss if obese | Paracetamol, topical NSAIDs
66
What treatment is now not recommended for osteoporosis due to the risk of stroke, CHD and breast cancer?
HRT
67
What drug is used for vertebral osteoporosis?
Raloxifene
68
What class of drug is regularly prescribed for osteoporosis in post menopausal women and acts by inhibiting bone resorption?
Bisphosphonates
69
Name the first and second line bisphosphonates use in osteoporosis
Alendronate | Risedronate
70
Name 2 bisphosphonates that are given IV
Pamidronate, zoledronate
71
What is alendronate?
Bisphosphonate, given daily to inhibit bone resorption in post menopausal women with osteoporosis
72
Name a synthetic parathyroid drug
Teriparatide
73
What is teriparatide?
Synthetic parathyroid drug used to increase bone formation and increase bone mass and strength back to normal. Used in steroid induced osteoporosis
74
What drug is used in steroid induced osteoporosis?
Teriparatide, synthetic parathyroid
75
How do you work out maintenance fluids for a child weighing 32 kg?
100ml/kg/day for first 10kg = 1000ml 50ml/kg/day for 10-20kg = 500ml 20ml/kg/day for 20+kg = 240ml =1740ml/day = 72.5ml/hour
76
How much potassium do neonates need per day?
1-3 mmol/kg
77
How much sodium do neonates need per day?
2-6 mmol/kg
78
What can be prescribed for nausea and vomiting in palliative care?
Metoclopramide, haloperidol
79
Name 3 anti-emetics
Cyclizine, levomapromazine, metoclopramide
80
What is cyclizine?
Antiemetic anticholinergic and antihistaminic Works on vomiting centre Can cause dry mouth and drowsiness
81
What is levomapromazine
Anti-emetic Acts on 5HT2, D2, Ach and H2 receptors Used as sedative in last hours of life
82
What is metoclopramide?
Anti-emetic, prokinetic DA antagonist and 5HT4 agonist Given by continuous sub cutaneous infusion
83
Name 2 antipasmodics
Hyoscine butylbromide | Octreotide
84
What is hyoscine butylbromide?
An antipasmodic muscarinic antagonist
85
What is octreotide?
Antipasmodic, somatostatin analogue, decreases secretions
86
Name a tricyclic antidepressant used to treat neuropathic pain
Amitriptyline
87
Name an anticonvulsant used to treat neuropathic pain
Gabapentin
88
Name a steroid used to treat neuropathic pain
Dexamethasone
89
Name 3 drugs used to treat neuropathic pain
Amitriptyline, gabapentin, dexamethasone
90
Treatment of PCP pneumonia
Co-trimoxazole +/- steroids
91
Treatment of Toxoplasosis gondii
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
92
Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma
Anti retrovirals and chemotherapy
93
Treatment of TB
Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol/streptomycin

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