drugs for pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal disorders

Question 1

pituitary disorders arise due to what?

Answer 1

tumours, surgery, radiation therapy, infection, injury, infraction, hemorrhage

Question 2

what is the proper name for growth hormone

Answer 2

somatotropin

Question 3

function of growth hormone aka somatotropin

Answer 3

anterior pituitary hormone stimulating growth and metabolism

Question 4

where is antidiuretic hormone stored and released from

Answer 4

posterior pituitary gland

Question 5

what does ADH act on

Answer 5

acts on the kidneys to increase water absorption

Question 6

what endogenous ligand/hormone acts just like growth hormone

Answer 6

somatotropin

Question 7

what does a deficiency in growth hormone result in?

Answer 7

short stature, dyslipidemia, decreased muscle mass, central adiposity, decreased bone density

Question 8

short stature, dyslipidemia, decreased muscle mass, central adiposity, decreased bone density are effects of what

Answer 8

growth hormone deficiency

Question 9

what agonist drug can induce up to 15 cm of growth in GH deficient children

Answer 9

somatotropin

Question 10

how does somatotropin work

Answer 10

increases protein synthesis and lean muscle mass, bone density, lipid mobilization from fat stores, improved lipid profile

Question 11

what are growth hormone antagonists

Answer 11

they inhibit the production of growth hormone

Question 12

what is the hyper-secretion of GH associated with

Answer 12

benign pituitary tumors

Question 13

what effect do benign pituitary tumors have on the secretion of GH

Answer 13

cause the oversecretion of GH

Question 14

what are some growth hormone antagonists

Answer 14

octerotide and pegvisomant

Question 15

what is actomegaly

Answer 15

hormonal disorder from the oversecretion of GH

Question 16

what are symptoms of acromegaly

Answer 16

headache, visual disturbances, enlarged heart, hands, feet etc. excessive sweating

Question 17

function of octreotide (GH antagonist)

Answer 17

it is a growth hormone inhibiting hormone produced by the hypothalamus

Question 18

what growth hormone antagonist is revervisble competitive

Answer 18

pegvisomant

Question 19

how do competitive growth hormone inhibitors work

Answer 19

it is competitive, it binds to the receptor of growth hormone, inhibiting

Question 20

what is an agonist drug of ADH (vasopressin)

Answer 20

desmopressin

Question 21

what does desmopressin do?

Answer 21

conserves water

Question 22

when should you give someone desmopressin

Answer 22

if they are deficient

Question 23

what should be monitored when administering desmopressin

Answer 23

blood pressure, body weight, fluid intake and urine output

Question 24

how do you know if yu are giving someone too much desmopressin

Answer 24

if they gain weight, , output is alot, too much water is being retained

Question 25

what cells produce T4 and T3

Answer 25

follicular cells within the thyroid

Question 26

what cells in the thyroid produce calcitonin

Answer 26

parafollicular cells

Question 27

what produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Answer 27

hypothalamus

Question 28

what does the release of thyroid releasing hormone stimulate

Answer 28

the anterior pituitary to produce throid stimulating hormone

Question 29

what does thyroid stimulating hormone do?

Answer 29

induces the thyroid to produce and secrete t3 and t4

Question 30

what is the feedback mechanism of the thyroid gland?

Answer 30

thyrotropin releasing hormone in hypothalamus --> TSH producing in the ant pit --> TH in thyroid gland

Question 31

what feedback mechanism is important in metabolic rate, protien synthesis, and fat breakdown

Answer 31

thyroid gland

Question 32

what are thyroid storm effects rt?

Answer 32

high TH, usually related to bad prescribing practices

Question 33

what is myxedema coma related to?

Answer 33

when you are not making enough or any thyroid hormone

Question 34

hypo effects are related to what

Answer 34

myxedema coma

Question 35

hyper effects are related to what

Answer 35

thyroid storm

Question 36

what is hypothyroidism

Answer 36

this is a deficiency in thyroid hormone

Question 37

what is primary hypothyroidism

Answer 37

this is when the gland itself is not functioning

Question 38

what is secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism

Answer 38

when there is low TSH from ant pit or thyrotoxin from hypothalamus

Question 39

what autoimmune disease is associated a non-functioning thyroid gland

Answer 39

hashimotos thyroiditis

Question 40

what is associated with low serum t4, elevated tsh, increased antithtyroid antibody?

Answer 40

hypothyroidism

Question 41

what drug induces hypothyroidism

Answer 41

lithium

Question 42

what is maternal hypothyroidism associated with in children

Answer 42

associated with low IQ in children

Question 43

how do we treat hypothyroidism

Answer 43

levothyroxine

Question 44

what is levothyroxine

Answer 44

it is a synthetic form of t4

Question 45

what drug might induce hypothyroidism

Answer 45

levothyroxine

Question 46

what is an autoimmune diseases associated with hyperthyroidism

Answer 46

graves disease

Question 47

what is graves diesease

Answer 47

this is an autoimmune disorder in which the body develops antibodies that activate the TSH receptor

Question 48

what do you expect to see clinically in an individual with graves disease

Answer 48

TSH levels will be low

Question 49

what is secondary hyperthyroidism

Answer 49

pituitary is damaged and hyper-secreting TSH so the thyroid hyper-secretes T4

Question 50

what is the role of thioamides

Answer 50

they inhibit the synthesis of t3 and t4, disrupt the conversion of t4 to t3 in tissues

Question 51

what can propylthiouracil, methimazole and sodium iodide -131 be used to treat

Answer 51

hyperthyroidism

Question 52

how does sodium iodide - 131 work

Answer 52

permanently destroys follicular cells in overactive thyroid gland

Question 53

what do the adrenal glands produce

Answer 53

gluccorticoids

Question 54

what is cortisol

Answer 54

it is a glucocorticoid released by the adrenal glands

Question 55

what is aldersterone

Answer 55

it is a glucocorticoid that regulates plasma volume by promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidney

Question 56

what regulates plasma volume by promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidney

Answer 56

aldersterone

Question 57

what is primary adrenal sufficiency

Answer 57

addisons disease, results from autoimmune destruction of both adrenal glands

Question 58

what is secondary adrenal insufficiency

Answer 58

it is the inadequate secretion of ACTH or can be from chronic, long term glucocorticoid therpay

Question 59

symptoms of adrenal insufficiency

Answer 59

hypoglycaemia, fatigue, muscle weakness, hypotension, anorexia, diarrhea, dehydration

Question 60

glucocorticoids possess what action

Answer 60

potent anti-inflammatory and immunosupporessive actions

Question 61

what is cushings syndrome

Answer 61

hyper-secreting of cortisol, or too much glucocorticoid medications