the nervous system, drugs affecting the ANS

Question 1

what is the somatic nervous system responsible for

Answer 1

voluntary movement

Question 2

what is the autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

all involuntary responses

- divided into the para sympathetic and sympathetic

Question 3

what receptors are associated with the parasympathetic

Answer 3

cholingergic muscarinic receptors

Question 4

what receptors are associated with sympathetic autnomic?

Answer 4

adrenergic NE, alpha, beta variety

Question 5

what are nicotinic cholinergic receptors

Answer 5

they are ligand gated channels

Question 6

what induces the opening of sodium ion channels, thus depolarizing the neuron

Answer 6

acetylcholine

Question 7

what does the depolarization of a neuron result in?

Answer 7

stimulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Question 8

true or false, most organs recieve input from both parasympathetic and sympathetic - if yes, are there any organs that only recieve input from one?

Answer 8

true, the only exception is the arterioles, which only get sympathetic input

Question 9

what only gets sympathetic input

Answer 9

arterioles

Question 10

true or false, one input, parasympathetic or sympathetic, will be dominant over the other

Answer 10

true

Question 11

what is the impact of nicotinic cholinergic receptor antatagonists

Answer 11

impact is greatest on the predominant input from the as, increasing the biological effects of the weaker input

Question 12

with the heart, what input predominates

Answer 12

parasympathetic, will slow the intrinsic rhythm

Question 13

what do nicotonic cholinergic receptors work to inhibit

Answer 13

work to ihibit the smaller sympathetic input ad the predominant parasympathetic innput

Question 14

what is a cardiovascular input is a result of nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonists

Answer 14

tachycardia, parasympathetic input ihibited more

Question 15

how to cholinergic drugs work, what do they stimulate

Answer 15

they are muscariic agonists, they work to stimulate smooth muscle ad gland secretions

Question 16

what works to stimulate smooth muscle and decrease HR, force of contraction

Answer 16

cholinergic drug

Question 17

what system; § Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve terminals release acetylcholine, the target tissues contain muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Answer 17

parasympathetic

Question 18

whats causes the constriction of the pupil

Answer 18

cholinergic drugs

Question 19

what are anticholingeric drugs

Answer 19

muscarinic antagonists, parasympatholytics

Question 20

what is a muscarinic antagonist annd a parasympatholytic?

Answer 20

anticholinergic drugs

Question 21

what do anticholinergic drugs work to do?

Answer 21

they work to exert the effects opposite to cholinergics

Question 22

in the word parasympatholytic, what does -lytic mean?

Answer 22

lytic means opposite, meaning that the drug will exert the effect that is opposite to anticholinergics

Question 23

direct acting cholinergic drugs (muscarinic agonists ) bind to what and work to stimulate what

Answer 23

bind to the muscarinic cholinergic receptors - works to stimulate smooth muscle

Question 24

what drugs bind directly to muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Answer 24

direct acting cholinergic receptors

Question 25

how to direct acting cholinergic drugs stimulate smooth muscle contraction

Answer 25

via M3 receptors coupled to GQ protiens

Question 26

indirect acting anticholinergic drugs (muscarinic agonists) what do they inhibit

Answer 26

inhibit acetylcholinersterase, causing an increase in acetylcholine

Question 27

what do indirect acting cholinergic drugs work to affect?

Answer 27

autonomic ganglia, muscarinic receptors, skeletal muscle, and cholinergic receptors in the CNS

Question 28

what can indirect acting cholinergic receptors be used for

Answer 28

myasthenia gravis, alzheimers disease

Question 29

why can indirect acting cholinergic drugs be useful in cases such as myasthenia gravis and alzheimers diesease

Answer 29

because they act to inhibit acetylcholine transferase, thus inducing the release of acetylcholine

Question 30

carbamate insecticides

Answer 30

act directly on the nervous system of insects via reversible binding

Question 31

how do insecticides work

Answer 31

they work to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and can induce cholinergic crisis

Question 32

what are nicotinic effects of insecticides

Answer 32

muscle fasicuations and fatigue

Question 33

muscarinic effects of insecticides

Answer 33

salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, dyspnea, bradycardia, sweating, pin prick puils

Question 34

salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, dyspnea, bradycardia, sweating, pin prick pupils are muscarinic side effects of what?

Answer 34

insecticides

Question 35

muscarinic antagonists inhibit what input

Answer 35

inhibit parasympathetic input to target organs

Question 36

what inhibit parasympathetic input to target organs

Answer 36

muscarinic antagonists

Question 37

alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

Answer 37

constrict smooth muscle and dilate pupils

Question 38

adrenergic agonists - beta 1 receptors - what do they also stimulate the release of

Answer 38

increase heart rate and force of contraction, increasing the release of renin

Question 39

increase heart rate and force of contraction, increasing the release of renin

Answer 39

adrenergic agonists - beta 1

Question 40

adrenergic receptors - beta 2

Answer 40

inhibit smooth muscle contractions in the bronchiles and uterus

Question 41

adrenergic antagonist drugs - lytic

Answer 41

exert an opposite effect compared to adrenergic

Question 42

what has adverse effects associated with inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 42

adrenergic antagonist drugs

Question 43

alpha-adrenergic antagonists

Answer 43

relax vascular smooth muscle, resulting in decreased bp

Question 44

what drug will result in decreased bp

Answer 44

alpha adrenergic antagonists

Question 45

beta -1 adrenergic antagonists

Answer 45

decrease the rate and force of contraction of the heart and reduce the production of renin , results in decreased bp

Question 46

decrease the rate and force of contraction of the heart and reduce the production of renin , results in decreased bp

Answer 46

beta adrenergic antagonists