Drugs - Immunology Flashcards
(29 cards)
cyclosporine
MOA: immunosuppressant; calcineurin inhibitor that prevents IL-2 transcription and T cell activation
Use: used to prevent transplant rejection and to treat rheumatoid arthritis
Adverse effects: causes nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, HTN
tacrolimus
MOA: immunosuppressant; calcineurin inhibitor; blocks T cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription
Use: used to prevent transplant rejection
Adverse effects: nephrotoxic and neurotoxic, increases risk of diabetes
siroliumus
MOA: immunosuppressant; mTOR inhibitor; blocks T and B cell differentiation by preventing response to IL-2
Use: used in kidney transplant to prevent rejection because not nephrotoxic
Adverse effects: anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
daclizumab and basiliximab
MOA: immunosuppressants; monoclonals against IL-2
Use: kidney transplant rejection prevention
Adverse effects: edema, HTN, tremor
azathioprine
MOA: immunosuppressant; inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by blocking nucleotide synthesis
Use: prevent transplant rejection; rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, glomerulonephritis
Adverse effects: leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia; toxicity is increased by allopurinol
glucocorticoids
MOA: inhibit NF-kappaB; suppresses B and T cell function by decreasing cytokine transcription
Use: prevent transplant rejection; autoimmune disorders; inflammation
Adverse effects: hyperglycemia; osteoporosis; central obesity; muscle breakdown; psychosis; acne; hypertension; cataracts; avascular necrosis, iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome
Aldesleukin
MOA: recombinant IL-2
Use: renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma
Epoetin alfa
MOA: recombinant EPO
Use: anemia, especially in setting of renal failure
Filgrastim
MOA: G-CSF
Use: recovery of bone marrow
Sargramostim
MOA: GM-CSF
Use: recovery of bone marrow
IFN-alpha
MOA: recombinant cytokine
Use: chronic hepatits B and C, Kaposi sarcoma, malignant melanoma
IFN-beta
MOA: recombinant cytokine; reduces inflammation by stimulating suppressor T cells and thus decreasing cytokines
Use: multiple sclerosis
IFN-gamma
MOA: recombinant cytokine
Use: chronic granulomatous disease
romipostim and eltrombopag
MOA: recombinant cytokines
Use: thrombocytopenia
oprelvekin
MOA: recombinant IL-11
Use: thrombocytopenia
alemtuzumab
MOA: targets CD52
Use: CLL
bevacizumab
MOA: targets VEGF
Use: colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma
cetuximab
MOA: targets EGFR
Use: stage IV colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer
rituximab
MOA: targets CD20
Use: B cell non-hodgkin lymphoma, CLL, rheumatoid arthritis, ITP
trastuzumab
MOA: targets HER2/neu
Use: breast cancer
Adalimumab and infliximab
MOA: targets soluble TNF-alpha
Use: IBD, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis
Eculizumab
MOA: targets complement protein C5
Use: paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Natalizumab
MOA: targets alpha4-integrin which is involved in WBC adhesion
Use: MS, Crohn disease
Adverse effects: risk of PML in patients with the JC virus
Abciximab
MOA: targets platelet glycoproteins IIb/IIIa
Use: antiplatelet agent use to prevent ischemic complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
