Dyslipidemia

Question 1

increase in serum cholesterol leads to what

Answer 1

increased risk for CHD

Question 2

greatest risk factor for CHD

Answer 2

low HDL’s and normal to elevated LDL’s

Question 3

what increases with exercise

Answer 3

HDL’s

Question 4

most dangerous LDLs

Answer 4

small and dense (TG rich)

Question 5

dumptrucks and scavenge the cholesterol out of serum

Answer 5

HDL’s

Question 6

4 broad and main steps of atherosclerosis

Answer 6

1. endothelial dysfuntion
2. LDL comes in and becomes oxidized (oxLDL)
3. macrophages engulf particles but can’t break them down
4. foam cells; more macrophages attract others to come in and overtime buildup of foam cells

Question 7

occurs when foam cells continue to build up inside endothelial cells of vessel; reversible

Answer 7

fatty streak

Question 8

total cholesterol=

Answer 8

HDL + LDL + VLDL

Question 9

VLDL=

Answer 9

TG/5

Question 10

primary treatment for all lipid related disorders

Answer 10

diet and exercise

Question 11

_____ comes from excess caloric intake and lack of exercise

Answer 11

excess cholesterol

Question 12

drug that also helps upregulate LDLR on liver membrane to bring in more LDL from blood

Answer 12

statins

Question 13

Ezetimibe + statins=

Answer 13

block cholesterol and upregulate LDLR

Question 14

elevated level of lipids in blood

Answer 14

hyperlipidemia

Question 15

imbalance of lipids in blood

Answer 15

dyslipidemia

Question 16

hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 16

TG>150

Question 17

hypercholesteremia

Answer 17

TC>200

Question 18

Dyslipidemia

Answer 18

HDL <40(male) <50 (female)
TG>150

Question 19

lipids appear normal
FH of heart attack in 20s
G5 and G8 disruption (plant sterols in blood)

Answer 19

Sitosterolemia

Question 20

to Rx sitosterolemia

Answer 20

Ezetimibe

Question 21

no beta band (no LDL)
TG in gut can’t get out and baby is gassy (likes fruit juice)
TG stays in liver and can lead to cirrhosis

Answer 21

Abetalipoproteinemia

Question 22

main cause of abetalipoproteinemia

Answer 22

no MTP

Question 23

due to absence of LPL lipase or apoC2
rare; recessive
TG’s>1000
presents in childhood

Answer 23

familial hypertriglyceridemia (type I)

Question 24

familial hypertriglyceridemia can lead to what

Answer 24

pancreatitis

Question 25

to Rx familial hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 25

fasting

Question 26

low HDL; high small dense LDL (TG rich LDL's) elevated remnants

Answer 26

metabolic dyslipidemia (metabolic syndrome) type II

Question 27

abnormal band dis beta (remnants) uncommon abnormal apoE2 (VLDL and chylomicrons accumulate---elevated TG's)

Answer 27

Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia (type III)

Question 28

1 sign of familial dysbetalipoproteinemia on palms

Answer 28

palmar xanthomas

Question 29

another sign of familial dysbetalipoproteinemia on elbows and knees

Answer 29

tuberoeruptive xanthomas

Question 30

decrease in what leads to elevated TG's

Answer 30

chylomicron apoproteins

Question 31

uncommon TG's -500-5000 VLDL and chylomicron defect overproduction and impaired clearance of TGs rarely seen in childhood

Answer 31

Familial hyperlipoproteinemia

Question 32

sign of Familial hyperlipoproteinemia on glutes

Answer 32

eruptive xanthomas

Question 33

elevated LDL 1/5 adults

Answer 33

primary hypercholesterolemia

Question 34

defect in LDLR FH of premature CHD corneal arcus, xanthelasma, tendon xanthomas

Answer 34

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 35

Answer 35

corneal arcus (familial hypercholesterolemia)

Question 36

Answer 36

Xanthelasma (familial hypercholesterolemia)

Question 37

Answer 37

tendon xanthomas (Familial hypercholesterolemia)

Question 38

Answer 38

tendon xanthomas (Familial hypercholesterolemia)

Question 39

TC: 270-370 AD xanthomas less frequent LDL accumulates in blood

Answer 39

Familial defective apoB100

Question 40

LDLR recycling defective (less LDLR)

Answer 40

Familial PCSK-9

Question 41

blocks PCSK9 and reduces LDL in plasma dramatically

Answer 41

specific antibodies

Question 42

overproduction of apoB100 variable lipoprotein pattern elevated LDL, TC, TG, low HDL

Answer 42

Familial combined hyperlipidemia

Question 43

1/4 american adults due to multiple faulty genes leading to elevated TC and LDL

Answer 43

Polygenic hypercholesterolemia

Question 44

less LDLR, more LDL associated with Alzheimers

Answer 44

apoE4 isoforms

Question 45

has high affinity for apoER (remnants not being taken up)

Answer 45

E4

Question 46

abnormal protein attached to LDL has clotting effects found elevated when you run tests (genetic)

Answer 46

Lpa

Question 47

good or bad low HDL <40 or <50

Answer 47

BAD

Question 48

apoproteins that produce HDL

Answer 48

A1 and E

Question 49

HDL to cholesterol ester

Answer 49

LCAT

Question 50

HDL can do 2 things when it picks up cholesterol

Answer 50

1. exchange to cholesterol ester 2. pick up apoE and take to liver to be cleared

Question 51

decrease HDL=increase

Answer 51

cholesterol in artery wall