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CVR Biweekly 2 > Peripheral Artery Disease > Flashcards

Peripheral Artery Disease Flashcards

1
Q

sign of PAD

A

leg cramps

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2
Q

the number 1 risk factor for PAD

A

smoking

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3
Q

smoking, diabetes, HTN, TC, CAD, old age, and lifestyle

A

risk factors for PAD

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4
Q

_____ 16 fold increase in risk for PAD

A

smoking

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5
Q

10 mg/dl increase in cholesterol causes what percent increase for PAD

A

10%

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6
Q

___% of the time present with no symptoms

A

50%

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7
Q

5 main presentations of PAD

A
  1. asymptomatic
  2. claudication
  3. atypical leg pain
  4. critical limb ischemia
  5. acute limb ischemia
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8
Q

cramps in leg that is reproducible w/ exercise and goes away with rest

A

claudication

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9
Q

ischemic rest pain
nonhealing wound
gangrene

A

critical limb ischemia

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10
Q

5 P’s of acute limb ischemia

A

pain
pulselessness
pallor
parasthesias
paralysis

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11
Q

cramping/fatigue/aching in same muscle with exertion and goes away with rest (within 5 min)

A

claudication

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12
Q

same as claudication except adds tingling, burning, numbness and time to relief takes longer (</= 30min)

A

pseudoclaudication

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13
Q

typically a diagnosis of lower extremity involvement (but subclavian, carotids involved too)

A

PAD

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14
Q

common sites of claudication

A

aorta/iliac
femoral
popliteal

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15
Q

an aching or cramp-like sensation associated with walking/exercise; goes away with rest; predictable

A

intermittent claudication

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16
Q

ache in toes
pain relieved when legs lowered
absent distal pulses
rubor w/ depression, pallor w/ elevation
risk for limb loss

A

PAD

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17
Q

during physical exam to dx or rule out PAD, what do you look for

A

check for pulses
skin changes/hair changes
wounds

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18
Q

ulcer, gangrene (wounds)

A

severe dx of PAD

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19
Q

PAD diagnostic test that monitors upper and lower extremity BPs

A

Ankle-Brachial Index

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20
Q

normal ABI

A

1

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21
Q

150 R arm, 180 L arm, R lower=120 (how to take ABI)

A

lower extremity/upper

120/180 (take highest #s)

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22
Q

ABI <0.9

A

PAD

23
Q

exercise unmasks what

A

PAD and CAD (vascular steal syndrome)

24
Q

ultrasound to look for obstruction of blood flow for PAD

A

doppler US

25
Q

test that uses I.V. contrast and gets good pictures

A

CT angiography

26
Q

what vessels are hard to interpret on CTA

A

calcified

27
Q

this test does not use contrast so don’t have to worry about patient with renal failure

A

MR angiography

28
Q

L common gone

A

L common gone

29
Q

% patients with PAD have significant risk for CHD

A

50%

30
Q

first tell patient to make what changes when experiencing claudication

A

LIFESTYLE

31
Q

1st line treatment for intermittent claudication

A

exercise

32
Q

PDE inhibitor used to treat intermittent claudication

A

Pletal (Cilostazol)

33
Q

antiplatelet drugs used to treat intermittent claudication

A

Aspirin
Clopidogrel (Plavix) if allergic to ASA
statins

34
Q

prevents progression of plaque

A

Aspirin

35
Q

what else can a patient do to prevent ischemic events

A

STOP smoking

36
Q

if exercise and drug therapy are not helping, then what

A

surgery

37
Q

main surgery for intermittent claudication if favorable anatomy of patient

A

CABG

38
Q

surgery done if patient anatomy not favorable for CABG

A

PCI (stent)

39
Q
A

laser atherectomy

40
Q

hybrid procedure

A

CABG + PCI

41
Q

patients w/ acute limb ischemia should undergo what

A

U/S, CTA and then surgery

42
Q

seen in young men w/ heavy tobacco use; claudication; ischemia of distal small arteries and veins

A

Buerger’s disease

43
Q

affects both arteries and veins

A

inflamed thrombosis

44
Q
A

Buerger Disease

45
Q

main treatment for buerger disease

A

complete cessation of smoking

46
Q

2nd leading cause of death

A

Carotid artery disease

47
Q

degree of stenosis is related to ____ related strokes

A

carotid

48
Q

60% of patients w/ stenosis is related to ___% stroke w/in 5 years

A

75%

49
Q

to prevent strokes and CAD

A

statins and aspirin

50
Q

gold standard Rx for carotid stenosis

A

carotid endarterectomy

51
Q

other invasive Rx for carotid stenosis

A

PCI

52
Q

family history important
smoking

A

aortic aneurysm

53
Q

Pulsing can be misleading

Severe, sudden pain in abd or back

Rare: feet pain

A

aortic aneurysm

54
Q

to dx AAA

A

exam
US
CTA

CVR Biweekly 2 (15 decks)

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