Lipoprotein Metabolism

Question 1

rupture of atherosclerotic plaques lead to what

Answer 1

MI

Question 2

produced from intestine and transports fat (TG’s) to adipose tissue and muscle

Answer 2

Chylomicrons

Question 3

marker signal for chylomicrons that helps get it out of intestine

Answer 3

B-48

Question 4

produced from liver and transports fat (TG’s) to adipose tissue and muscle

Answer 4

VLDL

Question 5

marker signal for VLDL that gets it out of liver

Answer 5

B-100

Question 6

where can LDL be distributed (3 places)

Answer 6

liver (recycled); skeletal m. (rebuild); arteries (bad fate)

Question 7

storage form of fat

Answer 7

triglycerides

Question 8

transports FA’s in the blood

Answer 8

Albumin

Question 9

____important for membrane fluidity

Answer 9

cholesterol

Question 10

major component of cell membranes and major dietary source of energy

Answer 10

lipids

Question 11

nonpolar lipids (no H+ bonding)

Answer 11

TG’s
cholesterol ester

Question 12

polar lipids (some H+ bonding); move b/t particles

Answer 12

FA’s
phospholipids
cholesterol

Question 13

worst type of fatty acid; in processed foods

Answer 13

trans fatty acid (cis double bond)

Question 14

mixture of polar and nonpolar FA’s w/ fat in the core

Answer 14

micelle

Question 15

flip membrane and get cholesterol to HDL

Answer 15

ABCAs

Question 16

break bonds and get nonpolar lipids out and broken down to FA’s at site of liver

Answer 16

lipase

Question 17

reintroduces ester bonds and resynthesize TG’s

Answer 17

acyltransferase

Question 18

2 main sources of cholesterol

Answer 18

diet, liver

Question 19

what happens when our body (macrophages) cannot break down cholesterol

Answer 19

foam cell

Question 20

statins block this and prevent cholesterol synthesis

Answer 20

HMG-CoA Reductase

Question 21

movement of lipids in the blood through what

Answer 21

lipoproteins

Question 22

binds lipids and takes them where they need to go

Answer 22

apoproteins

Question 23

transports excess cholesterol to cells that may need it

Answer 23

LDL

Question 24

activates LDL (lipase)

Answer 24

C2/A5 apoproteins

Question 25

directs lipids into cells that need them and back into liver for recycling; high affinity ligand for LDLR

Answer 25

E3 apoprotein

Question 26

apoprotein that prevents removal of TG rich proteins into liver and keeps it in blood longer

Answer 26

C3

Question 27

apoprotein that activates hepatic lipase

Answer 27

A2

Question 28

% of fat we eat that gets stored

Answer 28

98%

Question 29

how fat moves through body: 4 main steps

Answer 29

1. start in lumen of gut; goes to intestinal epithelial cells 2. fat into FA's then to TG's 3. TG's to chylomicron and leaves 4. goes to lymphatic system and then to subclavian veins

Question 30

role of MTP

Answer 30

TG's to chylomicrons/VLDL

Question 31

gets fat into micelles

Answer 31

bile salts

Question 32

how plant sterols are taken out of blood

Answer 32

ABCG5/ABCG8

Question 33

what happens if you don't have MTP

Answer 33

abetalipoproteinemia

Question 34

how chylomicrons bind target tissue

Answer 34

w/ C5/A5 and GPIHBP1

Question 35

occurs in fed state (how lipids are stored in adipocytes)

Answer 35

insulin brings glucose in (GLUT-4 transporter) glycerol backbone for TG's

Question 36

remnants of lipids 2 fates in the liver

Answer 36

recycled or degraded by lysosomes

Question 37

prevents recycling of LDLR to membrane of liver cells

Answer 37

PCSK9

Question 38

what happens in liver when there is too much cholesterol (3 things)

Answer 38

1. ACAT turns it into cholesterol ester 2. liver turns it into VLDL and kicks it out 3. downregulate LDLR

Question 39

in refeeding state, liver will do what to TG's

Answer 39

turn it into glucose

Question 40

in refeeding state, liver will do what to FA's

Answer 40

turn it into ketone bodies

Question 41

in refeeding state, liver will do what to cholesterol

Answer 41

turn into bile salts and then bile in gallbladder

Question 42

healthy liver does not _____fat; kicks it out as____

Answer 42

store; VLDL

Question 43

what happens when there is excess of calories or cholesterol and liver can't break it down to VLDL

Answer 43

accumulation of fat; fatty liver

Question 44

if ____bound to LDL doesn't bind to LDLR on liver what happens

Answer 44

B100; last up to a week in blood and accumulate in arteries