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CVR Biweekly 2 > Lipoprotein Metabolism > Flashcards

Lipoprotein Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

rupture of atherosclerotic plaques lead to what

A

MI

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2
Q

produced from intestine and transports fat (TG’s) to adipose tissue and muscle

A

Chylomicrons

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3
Q

marker signal for chylomicrons that helps get it out of intestine

A

B-48

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4
Q

produced from liver and transports fat (TG’s) to adipose tissue and muscle

A

VLDL

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5
Q

marker signal for VLDL that gets it out of liver

A

B-100

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6
Q

where can LDL be distributed (3 places)

A

liver (recycled); skeletal m. (rebuild); arteries (bad fate)

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7
Q

storage form of fat

A

triglycerides

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8
Q

transports FA’s in the blood

A

Albumin

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9
Q

____important for membrane fluidity

A

cholesterol

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10
Q

major component of cell membranes and major dietary source of energy

A

lipids

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11
Q

nonpolar lipids (no H+ bonding)

A

TG’s
cholesterol ester

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12
Q

polar lipids (some H+ bonding); move b/t particles

A

FA’s
phospholipids
cholesterol

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13
Q

worst type of fatty acid; in processed foods

A

trans fatty acid (cis double bond)

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14
Q

mixture of polar and nonpolar FA’s w/ fat in the core

A

micelle

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15
Q

flip membrane and get cholesterol to HDL

A

ABCAs

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16
Q

break bonds and get nonpolar lipids out and broken down to FA’s at site of liver

A

lipase

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17
Q

reintroduces ester bonds and resynthesize TG’s

A

acyltransferase

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18
Q

2 main sources of cholesterol

A

diet, liver

19
Q

what happens when our body (macrophages) cannot break down cholesterol

A

foam cell

20
Q

statins block this and prevent cholesterol synthesis

A

HMG-CoA Reductase

21
Q

movement of lipids in the blood through what

A

lipoproteins

22
Q

binds lipids and takes them where they need to go

A

apoproteins

23
Q

transports excess cholesterol to cells that may need it

A

LDL

24
Q

activates LDL (lipase)

A

C2/A5 apoproteins

25
Q

directs lipids into cells that need them and back into liver for recycling; high affinity ligand for LDLR

A

E3 apoprotein

26
Q

apoprotein that prevents removal of TG rich proteins into liver and keeps it in blood longer

A

C3

27
Q

apoprotein that activates hepatic lipase

A

A2

28
Q

% of fat we eat that gets stored

A

98%

29
Q

how fat moves through body: 4 main steps

A
  1. start in lumen of gut; goes to intestinal epithelial cells
  2. fat into FA’s then to TG’s
  3. TG’s to chylomicron and leaves
  4. goes to lymphatic system and then to subclavian veins
30
Q

role of MTP

A

TG’s to chylomicrons/VLDL

31
Q

gets fat into micelles

A

bile salts

32
Q

how plant sterols are taken out of blood

A

ABCG5/ABCG8

33
Q

what happens if you don’t have MTP

A

abetalipoproteinemia

34
Q

how chylomicrons bind target tissue

A

w/ C5/A5 and GPIHBP1

35
Q

occurs in fed state (how lipids are stored in adipocytes)

A

insulin brings glucose in (GLUT-4 transporter)
glycerol backbone for TG’s

36
Q

remnants of lipids 2 fates in the liver

A

recycled or degraded by lysosomes

37
Q

prevents recycling of LDLR to membrane of liver cells

A

PCSK9

38
Q

what happens in liver when there is too much cholesterol (3 things)

A
  1. ACAT turns it into cholesterol ester
  2. liver turns it into VLDL and kicks it out
  3. downregulate LDLR
39
Q

in refeeding state, liver will do what to TG’s

A

turn it into glucose

40
Q

in refeeding state, liver will do what to FA’s

A

turn it into ketone bodies

41
Q

in refeeding state, liver will do what to cholesterol

A

turn into bile salts and then bile in gallbladder

42
Q

healthy liver does not _____fat; kicks it out as____

A

store; VLDL

43
Q

what happens when there is excess of calories or cholesterol and liver can’t break it down to VLDL

A

accumulation of fat; fatty liver

44
Q

if ____bound to LDL doesn’t bind to LDLR on liver what happens

A

B100; last up to a week in blood and accumulate in arteries

CVR Biweekly 2 (15 decks)

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