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CVR Biweekly 2 > Hemostasis > Flashcards

Hemostasis Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

mechanism to form blood clot at site of vessel damage

A

hemostasis

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2
Q

blood clot at site of vessel damage

A

thrombosis

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3
Q

blood clot that travels to a different location

A

embolus

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4
Q

2 parts of primary hemostasis

A

vascular wall
platelets

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5
Q

secondary hemostasis

A

coagulation cascade

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6
Q

vessel wall damage triggers what

A

sympathetic vasoconstriction

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7
Q

clot formation (2 main steps)

A

platelet activation
fibrin formation

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8
Q

plasma protein produced by EC’s and bind platelets

A

vWF (von willebrand factor)

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9
Q
A

normal blood smear, no platelets

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10
Q

arrows point to

A

platelets

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11
Q
A

normal parrot RBC’s

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12
Q

epi, collagen, thrombin, ADP, TXA2

A

important for platelet activation

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13
Q

what happens with platelets that leads to degranulation

A

shape changes

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14
Q

what determines successful degranulation

A

TXA2 formation from cyclooxygenase (COX)

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15
Q

blocks platelets from forming mature platelet plug

A

Aspirin

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16
Q

contents that platelets release during degranulation

A

vWF, fibrinogen, Factor V, ATP

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17
Q

what is required for platelets to aggregate

A

fibrinogen binding to platelet surface receptor GPIIb/IIIa

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18
Q

defect in GPIIb/IIIa and causes people to bleed

A

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT)

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19
Q

without this complex, can’t form platelet plug

A

GPIIb/IIIa

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20
Q

what can also activate platelets

A

sepsis

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21
Q

atheroma formation when macrophages can’t break down cholesterol; platelets come to damaged EC; vWF binds GP IIb/IIIa—> fibrinogen released, coagulation cascade—> more solid clot formed

A

cross talk b/t WBC’s and platelets

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22
Q

one leg larger than the other; erythema; warm; hurts to squeeze calf

A

deep vein thrombosis

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23
Q

what is the fear for deep vein thrombosis

A

pulmonary embolism

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24
Q

why is it red?

A

RBC’s trapped in platelet/fibrin net

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25
how is clot fortified
platelet plug fortified w/ fibrin polymers
26
end result of coagulation cascade
fibrin formation
27
pathway that utilizes soluble factors
intrinsic
28
pathway that utilizes insoluble factors (tissue factor)
extrinsic
29
the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway join to form what
common pathway
30
site of coagulation cascade
activated platelet membrane (held together by Ca2+ ions)
31
sequence of hemostasis
blood vessel damage vasoconstriction activated platelets (plug) coagulation cascade
32
factor II
prothrombin
33
factor IIa
thrombin
34
factor that converts prothrombin to thrombin
factor Xa
35
converts fibrinogen to fibrin monomers
thrombin (factor IIa)
36
factor that converts fibrin monomers to fibrin polymers
factor XIIIa
37
body makes this to break down clots
D-dimer
38
+ D-dimer test indicates
might have a blood clot
39
most important pathway in secondary hemostasis
extrinsic pathway
40
factor III
tissue factor
41
activates extrinsic pathway in cascade
tissue factor (factor III)
42
important in triggering inflammation, angiogenesis and carcinogenesis
tissue factor (factor III)
43
deficiency in factor IX or VIII causes what
severe bleeding
44
1st step in extrinsic pathway
tissue factor (factor III) binds and activates factor VII to VIIa
45
2nd step in extrinsic pathway
TF:VIIa activates factor X to Xa (common pathway)
46
3rd step in extrinsic/common pathway
factor Xa activates factor V
47
role of factor V
prothrombin to thrombin
48
what part of extrinsic pathway pulls intrinsic pathway w/ it
TF: VIIa activates IXaVIIIa complex
49
1st step in intrinsic pathway
factor XII is activated (XIIa)
50
2nd step in intrinsic pathway: factor XIIa activates what
factor XI (XIa)
51
factor XIa activates what
factor IX (IXa)
52
from both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway, what activates factor X (Xa)
IXa:VIIIa complex
53
due to poor nutrition and blocks factor 2,7,9,10 in coagulation cascade (bleeding)
vitamin K deficiency
54
inactivates thrombin (converts fibrinogen to fibrin)
anti-thrombin III
55
inactivates V and VIII(stops thrombin and factor X formation)
Protein C and S
56
breaks down clot (fibrin)
D-dimers
57
limits excess clot formation
fibrinolytic cascade
58
main player in lysing clots
plasmin
59
released from EC and lyses clots
t-PA
60
turns plasminogen into plasmin
t-PA
61
turns fibrin into fibrin degradation products
plasmin
62
deficiency of plasminogen leads to
thrombosis
63
deficiency in plasminogen activator inhibitors (allowing break down of clots) leads to
bleeding
64
normal PT (prothrombin time)
15
65
normal PTT
30
66
normal INR
1
67
patients on warfarin have normal PT/INR of
2.5
68
PT/INR of 5 worried about what
bleeding
69
PT/INR of 0.5 worried about what
clotting
70
PTT for what pathway
intrinsic to common
71
PT for what pathway
extrinsic to fibrin clot
72
how does aspirin affect bleeding time
increases it
73
no prothrombin to thrombin
factor V deficient
74
deficient in IX:VIII or no X activated
vWF disease Hemophilia A Hemophilia B

CVR Biweekly 2 (15 decks)

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