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Neuro Exam 3 > Ear Anatomy and Embryology > Flashcards

Ear Anatomy and Embryology Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

auricle

A

pinna
-external ear

helix, tragus, antihelix

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2
Q

nerve to pinna

A

greater auricular C2,3
lesser occipital C2,3
auriculotemporal V3, facial, vagus

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3
Q

lymph to pinna

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

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4
Q

external acoustic meatus

A

stratified squamous epithelium
-numerous ceruminous glands

lateral 1/3 cartilage - short in kids
medial 2/3 bony

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5
Q

blood supply external ear

A

posterior auricular a and v

superficial temporal a and v

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6
Q

otitis externa

A

inflammation of external ear

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7
Q

tympanic membrane

A

exterior - epidermis

interior - mucus membrane

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8
Q

umbo

A

concavity tympanic membrane

-from malleus

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9
Q

pars flaccida

A

superior - thin walled tympanic membrane

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10
Q

pars tensa

A

inferior - thick walled tympanic membrane

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11
Q

blood supply tympanic membrane

A

external - deep auricular
internal - anterior tympanic

both from maxillary a

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12
Q

innervation tympanic membrane

A

internal - glossopharyngeal - GVA tympanic branch

external - auriculotemporal V3 GSA majority / vagus minority

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13
Q

auricle embryo

A

first and second arches

  • 6 auricular hillocks (3 each) fuse
  • defects common with chromosome syndromes**
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14
Q

external auditory meatus embryo

A

first cleft
-meatal plug forms - 7th month degenerates

persistance - deafness - can be surgically removed

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15
Q

tympanic membrane embryo

A

external - ectoderm of first cleft
middle CT - mesoderm of first arch
internal - endoderm of first pouch

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16
Q

middle ear

A

tympanic cavity - mucus lined

within petrous portion of temporal bone

also contains auditory ossicles

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17
Q

roof tympanic cavity

A

tegmen tympani

separates epitympanic recess from middle cranial fossa

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18
Q

floor tympanic cavity

A

segment of temporal bone

separate from internal jugular vein**

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19
Q

lateral wall tympanic cavity

A

tympanic membrane

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20
Q

medial wall tympanic cavity

A

bony wall separating middle from internal ear

promontory - cochlea
oval window - contact stapes - transmits motion
round window - opens to scala tympani - pressure release

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21
Q

round window

A

opens to scala tympani

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22
Q

oval window

A

contacts stapes

transmits motion to inner ear

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23
Q

posterior wall tympanic cavity

A

temporal bone

  • aditus ad andrum
  • facial canal
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24
Q

mastoiditis

A

middle ear infection - spread to mastoid air cells

via aditus ad antrum**

then spread to middle cranial fossa

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25
anterior wall tympanic cavity
temporal bone -separate middle ear from carotid canal opening for pharyngotympanic tube and semicanal
26
semicanal
passage of tensor tympani anterior wall tympanic cavity
27
pharyngotympanic tube
auditory tube balances pressure on external and internal sides of tympanic membrane posterolateral 1/3 bony anteriomedial 2/3 cartilage
28
tensor veli palatini
opens the membranous tube (CN V3)
29
malleus
contacts tympanic membrane | -creates umbo
30
incus
body - malleus | long limb - stapes
31
stapes
contact oval window
32
stapedius
contract in response to loud noise** posterior wall tympanic cavity to stapes dampens movement of ossicles
33
nerve to stapedius
facial CN VII SVE
34
tensor tympani
contract when chewing or speaning cartilage of auditory tube to malleus dampen movement of ossicles
35
nerve to tensor tympani
trigeminal V3 SVE
36
paralysis of middle ear muscles
hyperacusis - excessive hearing acuteness due to loss of dampening
37
blood supply to middle ear
inferior tympanic a - ascending pharyngeal anterior tympanic a - maxillary posterior tympanic a - stylomastoid superior tympanic a - middle meningeal venous drainage - pterygoid plexus
38
CN IX
glossopharyngeal nerve GVA and GVE-P to middle ear and part of auditory tube tympanic branch- enters via tympanic canaliculus -forms tympanic plexus lesser petrosal nerve reforms from plexus -exits hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve GVE-P PS to parotid
39
CN VII
SVE to stapedius enters internal acoustic meatus chorda tympani give off before CN VII exits stylomastoid chorda tympani exits petrotympanic fissure
40
chorda tympani
SVA to anterior 2/3 tongue (taste) | GVE-P to SL/SM glands
41
otitis media
inflammation of middle ear | -due to spread of infection from pharynx via auditory tube
42
facial nerve branches
nerve to stapedius - SVE greater petrosal nerve - GVE-P to PPG chorda tympani - GVE-P, SVA - taste and PS
43
middle ear embryo - first pouch
tympanic cavity and auditory tube
44
middle ear embryo - first arch
malleus, incus, tensor tympani muscle
45
middle ear embryo - second arch
stapes, stapedius muscle
46
S RULE
Second arch Stapes Stapedius muscle
47
congenital fixation of stapes
deafness
48
inner ear
petrous portion of temporal bone | -vestibulocochlear organ
49
modiolus
bony core around which cochlea spirals
50
osseous spiral lamina
anchors cochlear duct to modiolus
51
vestibule
contains utricle and saccule
52
bony labyrinth
has perilymph
53
membranous labyrinth
has endolymph all innervated by CN VIII
54
endolymphatic duct
maintains volume and composition of endolymphatic fluid
55
utricle
horizontal acceleration
56
saccule
vertical acceleration
57
cochlear duct
organ of hearing - vestibular membrane - roof - basilar membrane - floor - organ of corti - hair cells plus tectorial membrane
58
CN VIII
vestibulocochlear -passes through internal acoustic meatus to enter inner ear vestibular portion - semicircular canals, utricle, saccule -proprioception cochlear portion - cochlear duct -sound
59
inner ear embryo - membranous labyrinth
otic placode (ectoderm) - otic pit - otic vesicle
60
inner ear embryo - bony labyrinth
vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea | -surrounding mesenchyme

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